A novel biological sources consistency evaluation method reveals high level of biodiversity within wild natural medicine: A case study of earthworms as "Guang Dilong".

For wild natural medicine, unanticipated biodiversity as species or varieties with similar morphological characteristics and sympatric distribution may co-exist in a single batch of medical materials, which affects the efficacy and safety of clinical medication. DNA barcoding as an effective species identification tool is limited by its low sample throughput nature. In this study, combining DNA mini-barcode, DNA metabarcoding and species delimitation method, a novel biological sources consistency evaluation strategy was proposed, and high level of interspecific and intraspecific variations were observed and validated among 5376 samples from 19 sampling points regarded as "Guang Dilong" and 25 batches of proprietary Chinese medicines.

The mixture of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Carthamus tinctorius (Danhong injection) alleviates low-dose aspirin induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.

Background: Danhong injection (DHI) is quite often used in combination with low-dose aspirin (ASA, 75-325mg daily) in clinic, particularly for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Exploring their interaction profile is of great clinical importance.

Purpose: The current study aims to explore the interaction between DHI and low-dose ASA in rats.

NaoXinTong Inhibits the Advanced Atherosclerosis and Enhances the Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice.

Buchang NaoXinTong (NXT), a Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat patients with coronary heart disease in China. However, the underlying mechanisms need more elucidations. In this study, we investigated if NXT can inhibit the progression of the established lesions while stabilizing plaques.

A metabolomics strategy to explore urinary biomarkers and metabolic pathways for assessment of interaction between Danhong injection and low-dose aspirin during their synergistic treatment.

The drug combination of Danhong injection (DHI) and low-dose aspirin (ASA) was frequently applied for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Due to the drug interactions, a lot of potential benefits and risks might exist side by side in the course of combination therapy. However, there had been no studies of interaction between DHI and ASA.

Administration of Danhong Injection to diabetic db/db mice inhibits the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

Danhong Injection (DHI), a Chinese medicine for treatment of patients with coronary heart disease, inhibits primary abdominal aortic aneurysms in apoE deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Formation of microaneurysms plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. It remains unknown if DHI can reduce these diabetic complications.

NaoXinTong Inhibits the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in db/db Mice.

Buchang NaoXinTong capsule (NXT) is a Chinese Materia Medica standardized product extracted from 16 Chinese traditional medical herbs and widely used for treatment of patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in China. Formation of microaneurysms plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we investigated if  NXT can protect diabetic mice against the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Systemic exposure to and disposition of catechols derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots (Danshen) after intravenous dosing DanHong injection in human subjects, rats, and dogs.

DanHong injection is a Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza roots)-based injectable solution for treatment of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. Danshen catechols are believed to be responsible for the injection's therapeutic effects. This study aimed to characterize systemic exposure to and elimination of Danshen catechols in human subjects, rats, and dogs receiving intravenous DanHong injection.

Quantitative profiling of polar metabolites in herbal medicine injections for multivariate statistical evaluation based on independence principal component analysis.

Botanical primary metabolites extensively exist in herbal medicine injections (HMIs), but often were ignored to control. With the limitation of bias towards hydrophilic substances, the primary metabolites with strong polarity, such as saccharides, amino acids and organic acids, are usually difficult to detect by the routinely applied reversed-phase chromatographic fingerprint technology. In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) profiling method was developed for efficient identification and quantification of small polar molecules, mostly primary metabolites in HMIs.

Danhong injection inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in both Apoe⁻/⁻ and Ldlr⁻/⁻ mice.

Danhong injection (DHI), a certificated Chinese medical product made from radix salviae miltiorrhizae and flos carthami, is prescribed to patients with coronary heart disease in China. To investigate if DHI can inhibit atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe⁻/⁻) or low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr⁻/⁻) mice on high-fat diet were divided into 2 groups and received daily intraperitoneal injection of saline and DHI, respectively, for 16 or 20 weeks. After the treatment, mouse aortas were collected to determine lesions, expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage accumulation.

Naoxintong protects against atherosclerosis through lipid-lowering and inhibiting maturation of dendritic cells in LDL receptor knockout mice fed a high-fat diet.

Naoxintong (NXT), a Chinese Materia Medica standardized product, extracted from 16 various kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicines including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Angelica sinennsis, Astragali Radix, is clinically effective in treating atherosclerosisrelated diseases. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the anti-atherosclerosis effects of NXT might be mediated by suppressing maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in a mice model of atherosclerosis. LDLR(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with placebo, NXT (0.