Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside alleviates cholestasis by maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating lipids and bile acids metabolism in mice.

Cholestatic liver disease(CLD) is caused by impaired bile flow due to obstruction of the biliary tract, and long-term exposure to bile acids in the liver triggers inflammation, eventually leading to liver toxicity and liver fibrosis. Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(EG) is anthraquinone compound that is widely found in traditional Chinese medicine. It possessed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

Formulation, characterization, and evaluation of curcumin-loaded ginger-derived nanovesicles for anti-colitis activity.

Plant-derived nanovesicles have gained attention given their similarity to mammalian exosomes and advantages such as low cost, sustainability, and tissue targeting. Thus, they hold promise for disease treatment and drug delivery. In this study, we proposed a time-efficient method, PEG 8000 combined with sucrose density gradient centrifugation to prepare ginger-derived nanovesicles (GDNVs).

Establishment of a novel large-scale targeted metabolomics method based on NFSWI-DDA mode utilizing HRMS and TQ-MS.

Metabolites identification is the major bottleneck in untargeted LC-MS metabolomics, primarily due to the limited availability of MS information for most detected metabolites in data dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. To solve this problem, we have integrated the iterative, interval, and segmented window acquisition concepts to develop an innovative non-fixed segmented window interval data dependency acquisition (NFSWI-DDA) mode, which achieves comparable MS coverage to data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. This acquisition strategy harnesses the strengths of both DDA and DIA, which could provide extensive coverage and excellent reproducibility of MS spectra.

Investigation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins extracted from Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizomes using deep eutectic solvents and identified via data-dependent acquisition mass-spectroscopy.

In this study, 34 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were successfully prepared for the extraction of proanthocyanidin from Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizomes. The extraction process was optimized using single factor exploration and Box-Behnken design-response surface analysis. The extraction rate was significantly improved when the molar ratio of choline chloride to 1,3-propanediol was 1:3.

Integrated multi-omics analyses combined with western blotting discovered that cis-TSG alleviated liver injury via modulating lipid metabolism.

shows dual hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects. The bioactive components responsible for these effects are unknown. This study investigates whether -2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O--D-glucoside (-TSG), a stilbene glycoside, has hepatoprotective and/or hepatotoxic effects in a liver injury model.

Alisma plantago-aquatica polysaccharides ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by regulating hepatic metabolic profiles and modulating gut microbiota.

Acetaminophen (APAP) has emerged as a predominant contributor to acute liver failure (ALF) in United States. Alismatis rhizoma, a commonly used traditional herbal medicine, contains small molecular components with extensive hepatoprotective activity. However, the specific role of Alismatis rhizoma polysaccharide (ARP) in liver protection remains unclear.

Autocrine and paracrine LIF signals to collaborate sorafenib-resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma and effects of Kanglaite Injection.

Background: Sorafenib (SFN) is the first-line medicine for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, Sorafenib resistance is a main challenge of therapeutic efficacy, and the mechanisms have not been fully clarified.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of LIF in modulating the microenvironment of SFN resistance as well as Kanglaite Injection (KLTI) in ameliorating SFN resistance in HCC and to guide future research directions for drug combination for HCC.

Integration WGCNA with LC-MS data for evaluating the processing status and transformation rules of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus: A novel strategy for evaluating the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicines.

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat hepatopathy and osteopathy. Wine-processed LLF (WLLF) was much more widely used than raw LLF (RLLF) in clinical practice, however, there is no consensus on processing time. To investigate the processing status of WLLF and transformation rules during processing, a UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS method combined with data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode was firstly established and 227 compounds were identified or tentatively identified.

Effects of in vitro simulated digestion and fecal fermentation on the structure and regulating the glucose and lipid activity of a polysaccharide from Mori Folium.

Mori folium, as a homologous drug-food, has hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activity. Polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredient of the Mori folium that exhibit diverse biological activities. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (MP4) was purified and characterized from Mori folium.

SLC13A3 is a major effector downstream of activated β-catenin in liver cancer pathogenesis.

Activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a key genetic event in liver cancer development. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are promising drug targets. Here, we identify SLC13A3 as a drug-targetable effector downstream of β-catenin in liver cancer.

The synthesis of polydopamine nano- and microspheres in microdroplets.

Here we developed a microdroplet-based strategy for the rapid synthesis of uniform polydopamine nano- and microspheres. Polydopamine spheres with controllable sizes were generated within hundreds of microseconds by simply spraying water solutions of dopamine into microdroplets. Mass spectrometry revealed that dopamine was primarily oxidized into aminochrome, acting as the major building block for polydopamine.

Dan-shen Yin promotes bile acid metabolism and excretion to prevent atherosclerosis via activating FXR/BSEP signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dan-shen Yin (DSY), a traditional prescription, has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing hyperlipidemia and preventing atherosclerosis (AS), but its mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that DSY activates farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to promote bile acid metabolism and excretion, thereby alleviating AS.

Aim Of The Study: This study was designed to explore whether DSY reduces liver lipid accumulation and prevents AS by activating FXR and increasing cholesterol metabolism and bile acid excretion.

Neural machine translation of clinical text: an empirical investigation into multilingual pre-trained language models and transfer-learning.

Clinical text and documents contain very rich information and knowledge in healthcare, and their processing using state-of-the-art language technology becomes very important for building intelligent systems for supporting healthcare and social good. This processing includes creating language understanding models and translating resources into other natural languages to share domain-specific cross-lingual knowledge. In this work, we conduct investigations on clinical text machine translation by examining multilingual neural network models using deep learning such as Transformer based structures.

Dosage optimization for reducing tumor burden using a phenotype-structured population model with a drug-resistance continuum.

Drug resistance is a significant obstacle to effective cancer treatment. To gain insights into how drug resistance develops, we adopted a concept called fitness landscape and employed a phenotype-structured population model by fitting to a set of experimental data on a drug used for ovarian cancer, olaparib. Our modeling approach allowed us to understand how a drug affects the fitness landscape and track the evolution of a population of cancer cells structured with a spectrum of drug resistance.

A comprehensive investigation on the chemical changes of traditional Chinese medicine with classic processing technology: Polygonum multiflorum under nine cycles of steaming and sunning as a case study.

The processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the clinical application, which usually has the function of "increasing efficiency and reducing toxicity". Polygonum multiflorum (PM) has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, while it is believed that the toxicity is reduced after processing. Studies have shown that the hepatotoxicity of PM is closely related to the changes in chemical components before and after processing.

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds in the Flower Buds of Three Species Using Fast Gas Chromatography Electronic Nose, Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry, and Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis.

The flower buds of three species (PGF: ; PQF: ; PNF: ) widely consumed as health tea are easily confused in market circulation. We aimed to develop a green, fast, and easy analysis strategy to distinguish PGF, PQF, and PNF. In this work, fast gas chromatography electronic nose (fast GC e-nose), headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were utilized to comprehensively analyze the volatile organic components (VOCs) of three flowers.

A Semi-Markov Approach to Study a Group of Kinesin Motors.

We propose a general mathematical and computational approach to study cellular transport driven by a group of kinesin motors. It is a framework for multi-scale modeling that integrates kinetic models of single kinesin motors, including detachment and reattachment events, to study group behaviors of several motors. By formulating the problem as a semi-Markov process and applying a central limit theorem, asymptotic velocity and diffusivity can be readily calculated, which offers considerable computational advantage over Monte Carlo simulations in tasks such as parameter sensitivity analysis and model selection.

Comprehensive multicomponent characterization and quality assessment of Xiaoyao Wan by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, HS-SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS.

Xiaoyao Wan (XYW) is a prescription medicine of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the effects of "soothing the liver and relieving depression," and "strengthening spleen and nourishing blood". XYW has been widely concerned in the treatment of depression and has become one of the commonly used classic formulas in clinical practice. However, the pharmacodynamic substance basis and the quality control studies of XYW are hitherto quite limited.

Confinement Effect and 3D Design Endow Unsaturated Single Ni Atoms with Ultrahigh Stability and Selectivity toward CO Electroreduction.

Developing single-atomic catalysts with superior selectivity and outstanding stability for CO electroreduction is desperately required but still challenging. Herein, confinement strategy and three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous structure design strategy are combined to construct unsaturated single Ni sites (Ni-N) stabilized by pyridinic N-rich interconnected carbon nanosheets. The confinement agent chitosan and its strong interaction with g-CN nanosheet are effective for dispersing Ni and restraining their agglomeration during pyrolysis, resulting in ultrastable Ni single-atom catalyst.

Chemical profiles, differentiation, and quality evaluation of Radix et Rhizoma Thalictri Foliolosi based on LC-MS.

Radix et Rhizoma Thalictri Foliolosi (RRTF) belongs to one of the alkaloid-rich traditional Chinese medicines in Ranunculaceae, which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and several other pharmacological activities. However, due to lack of research on chemical composition, serious confusion in the origin, and ambiguity in pharmacological mechanisms, it is quite urgent to establish quality control standards based on modern research and to increase the widespread usage. Aiming to clarify the differential compounds among three species of RRTF (TFD, TFB, and TCW), targeted and untargeted acquisition strategies based on high resolution mass spectrometry were established.

Integration of non-targeted multicomponent profiling, targeted characteristic chromatograms and quantitative to accomplish systematic quality evaluation strategy of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid.

Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid (HXZQOL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, with the pharmacologic effects of antiinflammatory, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation. More significantly, HXZQOL is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and it has been clinically proven to reduce the inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19. However, the effective and overall quality control of HXZQOL is currently limited due to its complex composition, especially the large amount of volatile and non-volatile active components involved.