Geometrical misalignment-induced nonlinear error in homodyne interferometers.

This paper discusses the generation of a novel periodic nonlinear error in homodyne interferometers due to geometric misalignments. These misalignments arise from cumulative assembly errors among the sensor head interior, target mirror, test platform, and detector, leading to dynamic misplacement of the measurement beam on the detector's surface. A physical model was developed to explain this error, focusing on the interference field produced by Gaussian beams under conditions of beam separation and inclined interference.

Accessing the spectrum of a single-photon by the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

We present and experimentally demonstrate a method for determining the spectral characterization of a single-photon state. This technique is based on the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between a well-defined weak coherent state and a measured single-photon state. We estimate the spectrum of the single-photon state by fitting the measured interference dip with proposed model and least square method.

Characterization of two-photon interference between a weak coherent state and a heralded single photon state.

We experimentally investigate two-photon interference between a weak coherent state and a heralded single-photon state, producing from a spontaneous parametric down conversion. Both the unequal spectrum linewidth and average photon number ratio in a given time interval are considered in our model. We obtained excellent agreement between our experimental data and prediction from our model.

Fast thermal aberration model for lithographic projection lenses.

A novel fast thermal aberration model for lithographic projection lenses is proposed. In the model, optical intensity calculation is simplified by using pupil intensity mapping, and simplified formulas for temperature calculation are derived to realize fast simulation of thermal aberration. The simulation results using the proposed model are compared with that of experiments carried out on a commercial lithography tool.

[Clinical Value of Peripheral Blood Circulating Tumor Cells Detection in Early Cervical Infiltrating Carcinoma Screening].

Objective: To observe the difference of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood of patients with different degrees of cervical lesions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of CTC detection in screening early invasive cervical cancer.

Methods: From December 2015 to October 2017, 63 cases of cervicitis, low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, HSIL) and early invasive cervical cancer were confirmed by histopathological and clinical stages in Zhongshan Boai Hospital and Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University. The immunomagnetic bead negative enrichment technique combined with immunofluorescence was used.

[Paraffin section thickness in immunohistochemical detection of p16 expression in cervical tissue samples].

Objective: To investigate paraffin section thickness in immunohistochemical detection of p16 expression in cervical tissue samples.

Methods: p16 immunohistochemical staining was performed in 150 cases of chronic cervicitis, 126 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL), 96 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 78 cases of cervical cancer from January 2014 to March 2018 in Zhongshan Boai Hospital. The results of p16 protein expression in paraffin sections with thickness of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 μm were compared using Logistic regression analysis.

[Volume of 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde affects the results of gene detected by fluorescence hybridization in primary invasive breast cancer].

Objective: To investigate the effects of the volume of 4% neutral phosphate buffered formalin fixative solution on the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 () gene by fluorescence hybridization (FISH) in primary invasive breast cancer.

Methods: Tissue samples were collected from 109 patients with primary invasive breast cancer admitted in Zhongshan Boai Hospital from June 2014 to October 2016. The ratios of 4% phosphate buffered formalin fixative solution to sample volume samples were 3:1, 6:1, 9:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1 or 25:1 (groups A, B, C, D, E, F and G), respectively.

Wavefront aberration measurement method for a hyper-NA lithographic projection lens based on principal component analysis of an aerial image.

A wavefront aberration measurement method for a hyper-NA lithographic projection lens by use of an aerial image based on principal component analysis is proposed. Aerial images of the hyper-NA lithographic projection lens are expressed accurately by using polarized light and a vector imaging model, as well as by considering the polarization properties. As a result, the wavefront aberrations of the hyper-NA lithographic projection lens are measured accurately.

Efficient synthesis and anti-fungal activity of oleanolic acid oxime esters.

In order to develop potential glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors and anti-fungal agents, twenty five oleanolic acid oxime esters were synthesized in an efficient way. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by MS, HRMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Preliminary studies based on means of the Elson-Morgan method indicated that many compounds exhibited some inhibitory activity of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS), and the original fungicidal activities results showed that some of the compounds exhibited good fungicidal activities towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.

In situ aberration measurement technique based on principal component analysis of aerial image.

We propose a novel in situ aberration measurement technique for lithographic projection lens by use of aerial image based on principal component analysis (AMAI-PCA). The aerial image space, principal component space and Zernike space are introduced to create a transformation model between aerial images and Zernike coefficients. First the aberration-induced aerial images of measurement marks are simulated to form an aerial image space with a statistical Box-Behnken design pattern.

Even aberration measurement of lithographic projection optics based on intensity difference of adjacent peaks in alternating phase-shifting mask image.

We propose an in situ technique for measuring an even aberration of lithographic projection optics. By using the Hopkins theory of partially coherent imaging and the thick-mask model, the linear relationship between the intensity difference of adjacent peaks in an alternating phase-shifting mask image and an even aberration is established by equations and verified by numerical results. The sensitivity of measuring the even aberration of lithographic projection optics based on this linear relationship is analyzed, and the measurement mark is designed accordingly.

Translational-symmetry alternating phase shifting mask grating mark used in a linear measurement model of lithographic projection lens aberrations.

A linear measurement model of lithographic projection lens aberrations is studied numerically based on the Hopkins theory of partially-coherent imaging and positive resist optical lithography (PROLITH) simulation. In this linearity model, the correlation between the mark's structure and its sensitivities to aberrations is analyzed. A method to design a mark with high sensitivity is proved and declared.