Effect of Carbocysteine on Exacerbations and Lung Function in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Carbocysteine can reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations and improve respiratory symptoms to a certain extent in severe to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of carbocysteine on the rate of exacerbations and pulmonary function for mild-to-moderate COPD patients.

Methods: In this phase 4, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, we randomly assigned mild-to-moderate COPD patients in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with carbocysteine (500mg, thrice daily) or matched placebo for 12 months.

Increased plasma interleukin-1β is associated with accelerated lung function decline in non-smokers.

Interleukin-1β is one of the major cytokines involved in the initiation and persistence of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association between plasma interleukin-1β and lung function decline remains unclear. We aimed to explore the association between plasma interleukin-1β and lung function decline.

Comparing spirometry, impulse oscillometry with computed tomography for assessing small airway dysfunction in subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Studies on consistency among spirometry, impulse oscillometry (IOS), and histology for detecting small airway dysfunction (SAD) remain scarce. Considering invasiveness of lung histopathology, we aimed to compare spirometry and IOS with chest computed tomography (CT) for SAD detection, and evaluate clinical characteristics of subjects with SAD assessed by these three techniques.

Methods: We collected baseline data from the Early COPD (ECOPD) study.

Association between impaired diffusion capacity and small airway dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) and impaired diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide ( ) are positively associated with a worse prognosis. Individuals with both dysfunctions have been identified in clinical practice and it is unknown whether they have worse health status or need management. We conducted this study to explore the association between SAD and impaired , and the difference between the groups with two dysfunctions, with either one dysfunction and with no dysfunction.

Associations of anxiety and depression with prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The associations between anxiety, depression, and the prognosis of COPD remain uncertain. The present study aims to investigate the associations of anxiety and depression with 30-day readmission rates and acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Four databases were searched to identify relevant studies published before 13 March 2024.

New Classifications of COPD Severity Based on Impulse Oscillometry: A SAIO Grade Base on ECOPD Cohort in China.

Background: Recently, the severities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can also be assessed by impulse oscillometry (IOS). This study aimed to explore a new classification of severity of COPD based on IOS and associations with acute exacerbations (AE) in patients with COPD.

Methods: The data of our study were based on the baseline and 2-year follow-up data of a prospective cohort in China.

Association of Exercise Tolerance with Respiratory Health Outcomes in Mild-to-Moderate COPD.

Previous studies have identified exercise intolerance in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The associations of exercise tolerance with lung function decline and acute exacerbation risk in mild-to-moderate COPD is unclear, especially in the community population. We evaluated exercise tolerance in mild-to-moderate COPD and analyzed its associations with respiratory health outcomes.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in septic patients with coronary artery disease: a retrospective analysis of MIMIC-IV database.

Background: High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were associated with worse prognosis of patients with sepsis. In-hospital mortality has been reported to be higher in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and sepsis than those with sepsis alone. However, the relationship between NLR, MLR, PLR and mortality in septic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.

Clinical features and associated factors of impaired ventilatory efficiency: findings from the ECOPD study in China.

Background: Impaired ventilatory efficiency during exercise is a predictor of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, little is known about the clinical features and associated factors of impaired ventilatory efficiency in China.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study in China and collected demographic and clinical information, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, spirometry, and CT data.

Associations Between Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity and Five-Year All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease with and without Standard Modifiable Risk Factors: Evidence From NHANES 1999-2016.

Aim: The study aimed to analyze the associations between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and 5-year mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients with and without standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs), which included smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: The present retrospective cohort study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2016. Patients with ASCVD who completed both the questionnaire survey and serum testing were included.

Clinical features and 1-year outcomes of variable obstruction in participants with preserved spirometry: results from the ECOPD study in China.

Background: There are limited data on the clinical features and longitudinal prognosis of variable obstruction, particularly among never smokers and different variable obstruction types. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the participants with variable obstruction and determine the relationship between variable obstruction and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the decline of lung function in a community-dwelling study of Chinese, especially among never smokers and different variable obstruction subtypes.

Methods: Participants with preserved spirometry (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥0.

Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-III database.

Background: Sepsis is a common cause of mortality in critically ill patients, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common comorbidities in septic patients. However, the impact of COPD on patients with sepsis remained unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study aimed to assess the effect of COPD on the prognosis of septic patients based on Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database.

Replication of Porcine Astrovirus Type 1-Infected PK-15 Cells Affected by RIG-I and MDA5 Signaling Pathways.

The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response in animal cells. The subsequent effects caused by porcine astrovirus type 1 (PAstV1) IFN activation are important for the host's response to viral infections. Here, we show that this virus, which causes mild diarrhea, growth retardation, and damage of the villi of the small intestinal mucosa in piglets, induces an IFN response upon infection of PK-15 cells.

Inter-relationships among neutrophilic inflammation, air trapping and future exacerbation in COPD: an analysis of ECOPD study.

Background: The inter-relationships among neutrophilic airway inflammation, air trapping and future exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between sputum neutrophil proportions and future exacerbation in COPD and to determine whether these associations are modified by significant air trapping.

Methods: Participants with completed data were included and followed up to the first year in the Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease study (n=582).

Clinical features and 1-year outcomes of chronic bronchitis in participants with normal spirometry: results from the ECOPD study in China.

Background: Evidence regarding clinical features and outcomes of individuals with non-obstructive chronic bronchitis (NOCB) remains scarce, especially in never-smokers. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and 1-year outcomes of individuals with NOCB in the Chinese population.

Methods: We obtained data on participants in the Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study who had normal spirometry (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ≥0.

Corrigendum: Discordant spirometry and impulse oscillometry assessments in the diagnosis of small airway dysfunction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.

Training and asymmetrical transfer effects of working memory and inhibitory control in primary school children.

Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) are two fundamental and supportive components of executive function (EF) that are critical for school-age children. However, the direct comparison of the training and transfer effects of WM and IC training in school-age children still needs to be improved. This study adopted a "pre-, post-, and delayed posttest" design to compare the training, near-transfer, and far-transfer effects of WM and IC in school-age children.

Validity of regional network systems on reperfusion therapy in diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with diabetes mellitus (DM) had higher mortality and poorer prognosis than those without DM. Previous studies had demonstrated the effectiveness of regional network systems (RNS) for reperfusion therapy in patients with STEMI. However, the differences in nursing care with RNS in subgroups of patients with DM with STEMI were unclear.

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry is associated with small airway dysfunction and reduced total lung capacity.

Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) refers to decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) in the setting of preserved ratio. Little is known about the role of PRISm and its complex relation with small airway dysfunction (SAD) and lung volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between PRISm and SAD and lung volume.

The association between small airway dysfunction and aging: a cross-sectional analysis from the ECOPD cohort.

Background: Aging has been evidenced to bring about some structural and functional lung changes, especially in COPD. However, whether aging affects SAD, a possible precursor of COPD, has not been well characterized.

Objective: We aimed to comprehensively assess the relationship between aging and SAD from computed tomography, impulse oscillometry, and spirometry perspectives in Chinese.