Language Contact, Language Ecology, and Intonational Variation in the Yami Community.

This study investigates socioprosodic variation in Yami, a moribund indigenous language under intense contact with Mandarin in Taiwan: 32 bilingual (Yami-dominant, balanced, Mandarin-dominant) and 5 Yami-monolingual participants were recruited. We used an Interactive Card Game to elicit semi-spontaneous speech for neutral questions (NQ), default declarative questions (DQ1), and declarative questions with lighter incredulity (DQ2). Results reveal that (1) yes/no question intonation in Yami is highly variable; (2) on a broad community level, the DQ1-DQ2 distinction is absent from Yami; and (3) there is prosodic hybridization and innovation in bilingual speech.

Benzylic C(sp)-H bond sulfonylation of 4-methylphenols with the insertion of sulfur dioxide under photocatalysis.

Sulfonylation of the benzylic C-H bond is developed through a three-component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, 4-methylphenols and sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5). The inorganic sulfite of sodium metabisulfite is used as the SO2 surrogate. In this transformation, benzylic C(sp3)-H bond sulfonylation is achieved in the presence of a photocatalyst under visible light.

Recent advances in the sulfonylation of alkenes with the insertion of sulfur dioxide via radical reactions.

Recent advances in the sulfonylation of alkenes via the insertion of sulfur dioxide are summarized. The sulfur dioxide surrogate of DABCO·(SO2)2 or inorganic sulfites is used in the transformation through a radical process. Two strategies for the sulfonylation of alkenes with the insertion of sulfur dioxide have been developed.

C-H bond sulfonylation of anilines with the insertion of sulfur dioxide under metal-free conditions.

C-H bond sulfonylation of anilines with the insertion of sulfur dioxide under metal-free conditions is described. 2-Sulfonylanilines are generated in moderate to good yields through a three-component reaction of anilines, DABCO·(SO), and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates under mild conditions. No metal catalysts or additives are needed for this transformation.

Photocatalytic Reaction of Potassium Alkyltrifluoroborates and Sulfur Dioxide with Alkenes.

A three-component reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, the sulfur dioxide surrogate of DABCO·(SO), and alkenes under photocatalysis in the presence of visible light is developed. This reaction works efficiently at room temperature with the insertion of sulfur dioxide under mild conditions, affording diverse sulfones in good to excellent yields. The alkyl radical and alkylsulfonyl radical are generated as key intermediates, and a reductive single-electron transfer is involved in the reaction process.

Generation of sulfonated 1-isoindolinones through a multicomponent reaction with the insertion of sulfur dioxide.

A four-component reaction of 2-vinylbenzoic acids, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, the sulfur dioxide surrogate DABCO·(SO2)2, and nitriles under photocatalysis in the presence of visible light is developed. This multicomponent reaction works efficiently, promoted by BF3·OEt2 with the insertion of sulfur dioxide under mild conditions, leading to sulfonated 1-isoindolinones in moderate to good yields. This route is highly selective, and several competitive pathways are not observed under these conditions.

Synthesis of Aromatic Sulfonamides through a Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates, DABCO·(SO), and N-Chloroamines.

A copper-catalyzed aminosulfonylation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, DABCO·(SO), and N-chloroamines is described. This coupling reaction provides an efficient and simple approach to a wide range of sulfonamides in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Mechanistic investigation suggests that a radical process and transition-metal catalysis are merged in this tandem reaction.

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets by a sodium diphenylamine sulfonate reduction process and its electrochemical property.

We report a new method to convert graphene oxide (GO) to stable colloidal dispersion of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGONS) using sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (SDAS) as a reductant, as well as itself and its redox product as the stabilizer. The as-prepared RGONS have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the bulk of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO have been removed.