Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol
January 2025
Objectives: The main objective of this case report is to discuss the differentiation between hyperemesis gravidarum and a brain tumor in the presence of hyperemesis symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Case Report: A patient was initially diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum in early pregnancy and was hospitalized. After hospitalization, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hernia due to convulsions occurred.
Case Rep Womens Health
October 2024
Infections after obstetric and gynecologic surgery are commonly caused by enterobacteria, commensal vaginal bacteria, or indigenous skin bacteria (primarily and ). () rarely causes postoperative infection in the field of obstetrics and gynecology and its treatment is generally delayed. This report describes a case report of peritonitis caused by after laparoscopic total hysterectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe case report describes the management of endometriotic cysts in a woman taking adjuvant tamoxifen. A diagnosis of endometriosis was made at the age of 38, and the condition was initially managed with a low-dose estrogen-progestogen combination; the patient then switched to dienogest at the age of 45. Following a diagnosis of breast cancer at the age of 46, dienogest was stopped and adjuvant tamoxifen treatment started.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is widely used as adjunctive therapy for women with breast cancer. However, tamoxifen has an agonistic effect on the endometrium and may be associated with endometrial proliferation, hyperplasia, polyp formation and carcinoma. The case report describes a 50-year-old woman who developed bilateral ovarian endometriomas while taking tamoxifen for breast cancer after total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas is needed to determine whether the uterus can be retained. Therefore, biomarkers for uterine leiomyomas, and reliable and objective diagnostic methods have been desired besides the pathological diagnosis. In the present study, we identified 12 genes specific to uterine leiomyomas based on DNA methylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ovulatory LH surge induces rapid up-regulation of Cyp11a1 in granulosa cells (GCs) undergoing luteinization during ovulation. This study investigated in vivo whether epigenetic controls including histone modifications and DNA methylation in the promoter region are associated with the rapid increase of Cyp11a1 gene expression after LH surge. GCs were obtained from rats treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (CG) before (0 h) and 4 h and 12 h after human (h)CG injection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The ovulatory LH surge rapidly alters the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in granulosa cells (GCs) undergoing luteinization. We recently reported that histone modifications contribute to these changes. Histone modifications are regulated by a variety of histone modification enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe mechanism controlling tissue-specific expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) is unclear. In other genes, DNA methylation of a region called the tissue-dependent and differentially methylated region (T-DMR) has been associated with tissue-specific gene expression. This study investigated whether human ESR1 has a T-DMR and whether DNA methylation of the T-DMR regulates its expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite endometriosis is common estrogen dependent disease afflicting women in reproductive age, the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Retinoic acid has various functions in cells as biologic modulator, and aberrant retinoid metabolism seems to be involved in the lesions of endometriosis. In order to evaluate the potential of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for therapeutic treatment, a transcriptome analysis and estradiol measurements in cultured endometriotic cells and tissues were conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin protects luteinized granulosa cells (GCs) from oxidative stress in the follicle during ovulation. However, it is unclear in which cellular components (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDramatic changes of gene expressions occur in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) during decidualization. The changes in gene expression are associated with changes of chromatin structure, which are regulated by histone modifications. Here we investigated genome-wide changes in histone modifications associated with decidualization in human ESCs using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neovascularization is necessary for follicular growth. Vascularization is first observed in preantral follicles, and thereafter the vasculature markedly increases in follicles undergoing development. Neovascularization includes angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe recently found that aberrant DNA hypomethylation is more common on the X chromosome than on other chromosomes in uterine leiomyomas by genome-wide DNA methylation profiling. To investigate the mechanism of aberrant hypomethylation on the X chromosome in uterine leiomyomas, we analyzed methylome and transcriptome data from three cases of leiomyomas and the adjacent myometrium. We found that eleven of the aberrantly hypomethylated genes on the X chromosome were common to the three cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic changes of gene expressions occur in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) during decidualization. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ) regulates the expression of a number of decidualization-related genes. In addition to transcription factors, it is important to know the role of epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications in the regulation of decidualization-related genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is secreted during the dark hours at night by the pineal gland. After entering the circulation, melatonin acts as an endocrine factor and a chemical messenger of light and darkness. It regulates a variety of important central and peripheral actions related to circadian rhythms and reproduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumor in women, remains unclear. Since acquired factors such as obesity, hypertension and early menarche place women at greater risk for uterine leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas may be associated with epigenetic abnormalities that are caused by unfavorable environmental exposures.
Principal Findings: Profiles of genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression were investigated in leiomyomas and in myometrium with and without leiomyomas.
The ovulatory LH surge induces rapid up-regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and rapid down-regulation of aromatase (Cyp19a1) in granulosa cells (GCs) undergoing luteinization during ovulation. This study investigated in vivo whether epigenetic mechanisms including histone modifications are involved in the rapid changes of StAR and Cyp19a1 gene expression. GCs were obtained from rats treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (CG) before (0 h) and after human (h)CG injection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review summarizes new findings related to beneficial effects of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) on reproductive physiology. Recently many researchers have begun to study the local role of melatonin as an antioxidant. We focused on intra-follicular role of melatonin in the ovary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany genes are up- or down-regulated in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) undergoing decidualization. IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and prolactin (PRL) are preferentially expressed during decidualization and are recognized as specific markers of decidualization. This study investigated the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of IGFBP-1 and PRL induction by decidualization in ESCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeovascularization is necessary for formation of the corpus luteum (CL) and includes angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Vasculogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels by bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Here we investigated whether vasculogenesis occurs in neovascularization during CL formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is secreted during the dark hours at night by pineal gland, and it regulates a variety of important central and peripheral actions related to circadian rhythms and reproduction. It has been believed that melatonin regulates ovarian function by the regulation of gonadotropin release in the hypothalamus-pituitary gland axis via its specific receptors. In addition to the receptor mediated action, the discovery of melatonin as a direct free radical scavenger has greatly broadened the understanding of melatonin's mechanisms which benefit reproductive physiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated whether melatonin protects luteinized granulosa cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an antioxidant to enhance progesterone production in the follicle during ovulation. Follicular fluid was sampled at the time of oocyte retrieval in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Melatonin concentrations in the follicular fluid were positively correlated with progesterone concentrations (r = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Progesterone differently regulates TNFα-induced gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in human endometrial stromal cells (ESC).
Objective: The present study investigated the mechanisms by which TNFα and progesterone affect the expressions of COX-2 and Mn-SOD in ESC.
Methods: ESC were incubated with TNFα and progesterone.
Background: Blood flow in the corpus luteum (CL) is closely related to luteal function. It is unclear how luteal blood flow is regulated. Standardized ovarian-stimulation protocol with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa long protocol) causes luteal phase defect because it drastically suppresses serum LH levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study was undertaken to investigate how prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) increases PGF(2α) synthesis and PTGS2 expression in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rats. We further investigated the molecular mechanism by which PGF(2α) stimulates PTGS2 expression. PGF(2α) (3 mg/kg) or phosphate buffer as a control was injected s.
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