Intra- and inter-batch variability in raw pork challenge test studies and their consequences on model predictions: An intricate interplay between L. monocytogenes, the microbiome, and packaging atmosphere.

The purpose of this study was to conduct challenge studies in raw pork by strictly following all aspects of the 2014 EURL technical guidance document for conducting shelf-life studies on Listeria monocytogenes. Growth potential was assessed on three batches of self-cut pork chops and one batch of in-house prepared pure minced pork without any additives in air and MAP (70 % O/30% CO) packaging. Pork chops did not support the growth of the pathogen throughout the shelf-life, given the specific conditions used in this study, with growth potential values of 0.

Exploring the microbiological quality and safety of dry-aged beef: A cross-sectional study of loin surfaces during ripening and dry-aged beef steaks from commercial meat companies in Belgium.

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Belgian beef producing companies to study the current practices and the microbiological load of dry-aged loins (during production) and trimmed steaks (final product). In each company, the temperature and relative humidity of the ripening chamber were measured, and two loins (each in a different stage of the ripening process) were sampled. From the surface of each loin, a lean meat and adipose tissue sample was analysed separately, and different groups of bacteria, yeasts and moulds were enumerated.

Genetic Types in the Pork Processing Plant Environment: From Occasional Introduction to Plausible Persistence in Harborage Sites.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity in three Belgian pork cutting plants. We specifically aim to identify harborage sites and niche locations where this pathogen might occur. A total of 868 samples were taken from a large diversity of food and non-food contact surfaces after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) and during processing.

Assessment of Hygienic Practices in Beef Cattle Slaughterhouses and Retail Shops in Bishoftu, Ethiopia: Implications for Public Health.

Understanding the potential drivers of microbial meat contamination along the entire meat supply chain is needed to identify targets for interventions to reduce the number of meatborne bacterial outbreaks. We assessed the hygienic practices in cattle slaughterhouses (28 employees) and retail shops (127 employees) through face-to-face interviews and direct personal observations. At the slaughterhouses, stunning, de-hiding and evisceration in vertical position, carcass washing and separate storage of offal were the identified good practices.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of in Cattle, Beef, and Diarrheic Patients in Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

Within Ethiopia, there is a lack of information on the genetic relatedness of from cattle, beef, and diarrheic patients and its potential transmission from cattle to humans through consumption of contaminated beef. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determine the serotypes, genetic relatedness, and antimicrobial resistance of in cattle in two local slaughterhouses, in beef at retail shops, and in diarrheic patients in the only hospital in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. was detected in 2.

Study of the transfer of Listeria monocytogenes during the slaughter of cattle using molecular typing.

The introduction, transmission, and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in Belgian beef slaughterhouses was investigated using genetic characterization. During slaughter, samples were taken of the hide, carcass, and environment to detect the pathogen. Remarkably, L.

Identification of the Source for Contamination of Carcasses in a Large Pig Slaughterhouse.

To identify the major source of contamination in a pig slaughterhouse, samples were collected from the clean and unclean area and isolates were further typed. Carcasses entering the clean area showed a contamination rate of 96.7% in the oral cavity and 55.

Contamination Sources and Transmission Routes for on (Mixed) Broiler Farms in Belgium, and Comparison of the Gut Microbiota of Flocks Colonized and Uncolonized with .

Biosecurity seems to be the most promising tool for control on poultry farms. A longitudinal molecular epidemiological study was performed during two production cycles, in which the broilers, the poultry house, and the environment of 10 (mixed) broiler farms were monitored weekly. Cecal droppings from the second production cycle were also used for 16S metabarcoding to study the differences in the microbiota of colonized and uncolonized flocks.

Identification of Shigatoxigenic and Enteropathogenic Serotypes in Healthy Young Dairy Calves in Belgium by Recto-Anal Mucosal Swabbing.

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), and Shigatoxigenic (STEC) are carried by healthy adult cattle and even more frequently by young calves in their intestinal tract, especially at the height of the recto-anal junction. The purpose of the present study was to assess the presence of ten EHEC, EPEC, and/or STEC O serotypes (O5, O26, O80, O103, O111, O118, O121, O145, O157, and O165) in calves sampled via recto-anal mucosal swabs (RAMS) at three dairy farms in Belgium. A total of 233 RAMS were collected on three consecutive occasions from healthy <6-month-old Holstein-Friesian calves and submitted to a PCR targeting the , , and genes after non-selective overnight enrichment growth.

Occurrence, Molecular Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Resistance of O157 in Cattle, Beef, and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Central Ethiopia.

O157 is a Shiga toxin-producing causing disease in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir of the pathogen. Information regarding the contribution of cattle to diarrheal illnesses in humans through consumption of contaminated beef is scarce in Ethiopia.

Incidence and associated risk factors of necrotic enteritis in Belgian layer pullet flocks.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by is commonly reported in broilers. Recently, increased NE prevalence in layer breeds was reported in the Indian subcontinent. NE is also frequently observed by veterinary practitioners in Europe, mainly during the pullet rearing phase.

Research Note: Lyophilization of hyperimmune egg yolk: effect on antibody titer and protection of broilers against Campylobacter colonization.

Oral administration of antibodies is a promising strategy against various infectious diseases. Previously, it was demonstrated that passive immunization by providing hyperimmune egg yolk through the feed reduces Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers. Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported bacterial foodborne zoonosis worldwide, and poultry products are the number one origin of these bacteria for human infection.

Campylobacter contamination of broilers: the role of transport and slaughterhouse.

Campylobacter is one of the most important causative agents of foodborne illnesses worldwide. The poultry reservoir is the main source of Campylobacter. Within the broiler production chain, campylobacters can only multiply in the chicken's intestinal tract.

In ovo vaccination of broilers against Campylobacter jejuni using a bacterin and subunit vaccine.

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originating from poultry meat have been the most important causes of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in the European Union since 2005. In-feed application of maternal antibodies from vaccinated hens was shown to confer protection of broilers against Campylobacter infection. Here, it was investigated if these vaccines can be used to protect broilers against Campylobacter infection after in ovo vaccination.

Corrigendum: Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.

Reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens by in-feed supplementation with hyperimmune egg yolk antibodies.

Campylobacter infections sourced mainly to poultry products, are the most important bacterial foodborne zoonoses worldwide. No effective measures to control these infections in broiler production exist to date. Here, we used passive immunization with hyperimmune egg yolks to confer broad protection of broilers against Campylobacter infection.

Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

Salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in humans with cattle being one of the reservoirs for . We estimated a pooled prevalence of in apparently healthy cattle and examined serotype diversity through systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2017. Peer reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of in cattle were searched through five electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Agricola, Scopus, CAB direct) and through manual search.

Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador.

Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern. Up to a 160% increase in antibiotic usage in food animals is expected in Latin American countries. The poultry industry is an increasingly important segment of food production and contributor to AR.

Occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company.

Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen in the poultry production systems. Its presence in this food industry is determined by the fact that it can survive and pass throughout the different steps in the poultry production. In this study we aimed to study the occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company.

Quantification of the Campylobacter contamination on broiler carcasses during the slaughter of Campylobacter positive flocks in semi-industrialized slaughterhouses.

Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses has been little studied in semi-industrialized slaughterhouses in developing countries, where several steps are carried out manually or with limited technology. In this study, we performed quantification of the Campylobacter contamination on carcasses at four steps in the slaughter process in three Ecuadorian slaughterhouses. Therefore, 15 Campylobacter positive batches were sampled in three commercial slaughterhouses.

Validation of EN ISO method 10273 - Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in foods.

EN ISO 10273 method for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in foods was validated in the project Mandate M/381 funded by European Commission. A total of 14 laboratories from five European countries participated in the interlaboratory study (ILS) organized during 2013 and 2014. Before the ILS, the method was revised by an international group of experts and the performance of the revised method was assessed in an ILS study.

Quantification of hygiene indicators and Salmonella in the tonsils, oral cavity and rectal content samples of pigs during slaughter.

The tonsils, oral cavity and faeces of 94 pigs at slaughter were sampled to assess the numbers of total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli in the rectal content, tonsils and oral cavity of pigs at time of evisceration. Moreover, the prevalence, numbers and types of Salmonella spp. were determined.

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef cattle at slaughter and beef carcasses at retail shops in Ethiopia.

Background: There is paucity of information regarding the epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in developing countries. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of E. coli O157: H7 associated with beef cattle at processing plants and at retail shops in Ethiopia.

Low prevalence of human enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Flanders.

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) have been identified as potential carriers of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, the etiological agents of yersiniosis, the third most reported bacterial zoonosis in Europe. Enteropathogenic Yersinia spp.

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Ecuadorian broilers at slaughter age.

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The linkage of human campylobacteriosis and poultry has been widely described.