Selection of proxy indicators estimating the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in general practice: a national consensus procedure in France.

Background: GPs are responsible for more than 70% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in France. Metrics are important antibiotic stewardship tools that can be used to set targets for improvement and to give feedback to professionals and stakeholders.

Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to select a set of proxy indicators (PIs) based on 10 previously developed PIs, to estimate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions by GPs.

Advocacy for Responsible Antibiotic Production and Use.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become one of humankind's major challenges, as testified by the UN's Call to Action on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2021. Our knowledge of the underlying processes of antibiotic resistance is steadily improving. Beyond the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in human medicine, other causes have been identified, raising ethical issues and requiring an approach to the problem from a "One Health" perspective.

The Production of Antibiotics Must Be Reoriented: Repositioning Old Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics, Developing New Microbiome-Sparing Antibiotics.

The development of broad-spectrum antibiotics to control multidrug-resistant bacteria is an outdated business model. This strategy has led to the introduction of highly effective antibiotics, but their widespread use has contributed to the emergence of even broader antibiotic resistance. In a strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance, we believe that the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics should be promoted.

Epidemiology of candidemia in NICE area, France: A five-year study of antifungal susceptibility and mortality.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of candidemia, the fungal susceptibility, the first-line therapy and the morality rate over 5 years. Knowing the differences of the yeasts in the candidemia local epidemiology, is essential to obtain information on fungal epidemiology to adapt antifungal strategies.

Materials/methods: This retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018.

Nonallergic airway hyperresponsiveness and allergen-specific IgE levels are the main determinants of the early and late asthmatic response to allergen.

Background: Conflicting results have been reported in studies of predictive factors for airway responsiveness to allergens during bronchial challenges.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess determinants of airway responsiveness to 3 different allergens during standardized bronchial challenges.

Methods: Data were collected from asthmatic patients who participated in allergen challenge trials between 2000 and 2006 (cat, n = 37; house dust mite [HDM], n = 35; grass pollen, n = 27).

Low-dose endotoxin in allergic asthmatics: effect on bronchial and inflammatory response to cat allergen.

Background: Endotoxin was proposed to increase the severity of asthma. Endotoxin levels greatly differ according to settings. In domestic environments, airborne concentrations may be dramatically low compared with levels reported in occupational settings.

[Pharmacists' role in the management of asthma: a survey of 120 pharmacists in Bas-Rhin].

Introduction: The pharmacist plays an essential role in the management of the asthmatic patients on account of their frequent visits to the pharmacy to obtain their medication.

Methods: In order to evaluate the practice and knowledge of asthma among the pharmacists of the department of Bas-Rhin, 120 pharmacists were selected at random to reply to a standardised questionnaire.

Results: The 86 pharmacists who replied to the questionnaire had a good general understanding of asthma and its treatment.

Bronchial challenge tests in patients with asthma sensitized to cats: the importance of large particles in the immediate response.

Our aim was to compare bronchial responses to major cat allergen (Fel d 1) in individuals with intermittent asthma sensitized to cats (19 subjects) according to the droplet particle size. We used three nebulizers, which delivered particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters of 1.4, 4.

Prevalence of symptoms, sensitization to rats, and airborne exposure to major rat allergen (Rat n 1) and to endotoxin in rat-exposed workers: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To analyse the relation between airborne exposure to major rat allergen and to endotoxins in exclusively rat-exposed workers and the prevalence of rat-related symptoms and sensitization.

Methods: A total of 113 workers answered a standardized questionnaire on their atopy status, occupational exposure to rats, and possible work-related symptoms. Specific IgE against rat urinary proteins (RUP) was measured for 73 subjects.

Difference in exposure to airborne major rat allergen (Rat n 1) and to endotoxin in rat quarters according to tasks.

Unlabelled: Endotoxins found in occupational settings constitute a risk factor in the severity of respiratory allergic symptoms.

Objectives: To assess the airborne concentrations of major rat allergen (Rat n 1) and endotoxin under various circumstances.

Methods: We took 483 airborne samples from 12 sites: 114 individual samples for endotoxin measurements and 113 for Rat n 1, from 38 workers (nine animal technicians, nine laboratory technicians, nine scientists and 11 students); and 256 static samples in rat rooms and experimental rooms, with or without disturbance, for simultaneous endotoxin and Rat n 1 measurements.

Urticaria and rhinitis to shrubs of Ficus benjamina and breadfruit in a banana-allergic road worker: evidence for a cross-sensitization between Moracea, banana and latex.

Background: We report the case of a road worker with a food allergy to banana, who developed urticaria and rhinitis when cutting shrubs of Ficus benjamina and breadfruit. He did not develop an allergy to latex of Hevea brasiliensis.

Results: Sensitization to latex of F.

[Deposition of particles in the respiratory tract].

In order to appraise the site of deposition of an aerosol of particles in the airways, it is important to analyse the size distribution of the particles that form the aerosol by granule size range analysis. The three main different mechanisms involved in deposition of an aerosol are inertia impaction, sedimentation and brownian diffusion, and one or another predominates, according to the size of the inhaled aerosol. Finally, several factors may influence the deposition in the respiratory tract: anatomy of the airways, the respiratory method, the size range and the moisture content of the aerosol, smoking and respiratory pathology.

[Domestic pollution (other than tobacco)].

Pollution of the air of the interior of premises are generally less understood than exterior town atmospheric pollution. Now the time spent at home is considerable, around 80%. Aerocontaminants are of chemical, biological or particulate nature.