Association Between Food Insecurity and Inability to Obtain Provider-Recommended Medications, Multidisciplinary Services, and Technology in Youth and Young Adults With Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: We assessed if food insecurity (FI) is associated with not obtaining recommended diabetes medications, technology, and multidisciplinary services, and explored the most common reasons for not obtaining recommended treatments in youth and young adults (YYA) with diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among 911 YYA with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 144 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study Follow-up 1 (2018-2021), FI (≥ 3 items affirmed from the 18-item Household Food Security Survey module), and inability to obtain recommended treatments were self-reported.

Results: Almost 30% of YYA with T1D and FI and 20% of YYA with T2D and FI did not obtain 1 or more recommended treatments.

Reassessing the Burden of Food Insecurity in Youth and Young Adults With Youth-onset Diabetes: The Importance of Marginal Food Security.

Introduction: Whereas marginal food insecurity has been recognized as important in Canadian food security policy, the category of marginal food security (MFS) is often ignored in US food security research.

Methods: Prevalence of FI was estimated according to the conventional and an alternate classification of MFS with food insecurity among 938 youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 156 with youth-onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study (2018-2021). Multivariable regression was used to estimate the association of MFS and conventionally defined food insecurity (FI) ascertained with diabetes-related outcomes, including acute diabetes complications, health care utilization, and diabetes self-management among YYA with T1D.

Similar changes in diet quality indices, but not nutrients, among African American participants randomized to follow one of the three dietary patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines: A secondary analysis.

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between diet quality, nutrients, and health outcomes among participants in the Dietary Guidelines: 3 Diets study (3-group randomized 12-week intervention; African American; Southeastern virtual teaching kitchen). Participants (n = 63; ages 18-65 y, BMI 25-49.9 kg/m) were randomized to the Healthy U.

Developing an automated algorithm for identification of children and adolescents with diabetes using electronic health records from the OneFlorida+ clinical research network.

Aim: To develop an automated computable phenotype (CP) algorithm for identifying diabetes cases in children and adolescents using electronic health records (EHRs) from the UF Health System.

Materials And Methods: The CP algorithm was iteratively derived based on structured data from EHRs (UF Health System 2012-2020). We randomly selected 536 presumed cases among individuals aged <18 years who had (1) glycated haemoglobin levels ≥ 6.

Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors, Adverse Experiences, and Self-reported Hunger: Analysis of 10 States from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys.

We examined associations between adolescent self-reported hunger, health risk behaviors, and adverse experiences during the 2018-2019 school year. Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were pooled from 10 states. Prevalence ratios were calculated, and we assessed effect measure modification by sex.

Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology in Adolescents and Young Adults with Youth-Onset Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Adult-onset diabetes increases one's risk of neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the risk associated with youth-onset diabetes (Y-DM) remains underexplored. We quantified plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD in participants with Y-DM from the SEARCH cohort at adolescence and young adulthood (Type 1, n = 25; Type 2, n = 25; 59% female; adolescence, age = 15 y/o [2.6]; adulthood, age = 27.

The Development and Evaluation of a Literature-Based Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota.

The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a novel dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) that captures dietary composition related to gut microbiota profiles. We conducted a literature review of longitudinal studies on the association of diet with gut microbiota in adult populations and extracted those dietary components with evidence of beneficial or unfavorable effects. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2010, = 3812) were used to compute the DI-GM, and associations with biomarkers of gut microbiota diversity (urinary enterodiol and enterolactone) were examined using linear regression.

Household food insecurity and associations with hemoglobin A and acute diabetes-related complications in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.

Aims: To examine, among youth and young adults (YYA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the association of household food insecurity (HFI) with: 1) HbA and 2) episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycemia.

Methods: HFI was assessed using the U.S.

Properties of the Household Food Security Survey Module Scale in Young Adults with Diabetes.

Background: The Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) was not tailored to people with chronic diseases or young adults (YAs).

Objectives: We aim to evaluate whether the 18-item HFSSM meets assumptions underlying the scale among YAs with diabetes.

Methods: Data from 1887 YAs with youth-onset type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes were used from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, 2016-2019, and on 925 who returned for the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study, 2018-2021, all of whom had completed the HFSSM.

Using electronic health records to enhance surveillance of diabetes in children, adolescents and young adults: a study protocol for the DiCAYA Network.

Introduction: Traditional survey-based surveillance is costly, limited in its ability to distinguish diabetes types and time-consuming, resulting in reporting delays. The Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (DiCAYA) Network seeks to advance diabetes surveillance efforts in youth and young adults through the use of large-volume electronic health record (EHR) data. The network has two primary aims, namely: (1) to refine and validate EHR-based computable phenotype algorithms for accurate identification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youth and young adults and (2) to estimate the incidence and prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youth and young adults and trends therein.

Enzymatic Carboxylation of Resorcinol in Aqueous Triethanolamine at Elevated CO Pressure.

The fixation of CO by enzymatic carboxylation for production of valuable carboxylic acids is one way to recycle carbon. Unfortunately, this type of reaction is limited by an unfavourable thermodynamic equilibrium. An excess of the C1 substrate is required to increase conversions.

Online monitoring of phytate content in plant residuals during wet-treatment.

The occurrence of organically bound phosphorus (P) as phytate in plant-based feeding material is a challenge for livestock farming due to limited utilization during the digestion by the animal. Its excretion into the environment through the manure pathway, poses a challenge, due to increased eutrophication and restrictions for P. Hence, while the routine supplementation of phytase enzymes in monogastric diets is common practice, metabolically triggering endogenous plant enzymes by wet-treatment prior to feeding can also lead to a better utilization of phytate bound P and increased digestibility by the animal.

Self-Reported Food Security in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Association with Hemoglobin A and Mental Health Symptoms Independent of Household Food Security.

Background: Typically, child exposure to food insecurity is assessed by caregiver reports of household food security. Child report has the potential for greater accuracy because it pertains only to the child whose experiences may differ from caregiver reports.

Objective: We assessed if adolescent-reported food insecurity was associated with levels of hemoglobin A (HbA), acute diabetes-related complications, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, independently from household food security.

Diabetes Stigma and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents and Young Adults: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.

Objective: To examine the association between diabetes stigma, socioeconomic status, psychosocial variables, and substance use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of AYAs from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study who completed a survey on diabetes-related stigma, generating a total diabetes stigma score. Using multivariable modeling, stratified by diabetes type, we examined the relationship of diabetes stigma with variables of interest.

Electrochemical HO - stat mode as reaction concept to improve the process performance of an unspecific peroxygenase.

The electroenzymatic hydroxylation of 4-ethylbenzoic acid catalyzed by the recombinant unspecific peroxygenase from the fungus Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO) was performed in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-based system. Enzyme stability and productivity are significantly affected by the way the co-substrate hydrogen peroxide (HO) is supplied. In this study, two in-situ electrogeneration modes of HO were established and compared.

Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Ulvan from the Green Macroalgae .

Ulvan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from green macroalgae with unique structural and compositional properties. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and film-forming properties, as well as high stability, ulvan has shown promising potential as an ingredient of biopolymer films such as sustainable and readily biodegradable biomaterials that could replace petroleum-based plastics in diverse applications such as packaging. This work investigates the potential of as a source of ulvan.

Imaging of plant calcium-sensor kinase conformation monitors real time calcium-dependent decoding in planta.

Changes in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentration are among the earliest reactions to a multitude of stress cues. While a plethora of Ca2+-permeable channels may generate distinct Ca2+ signatures and contribute to response specificities, the mechanisms by which Ca2+ signatures are decoded are poorly understood. Here, we developed a genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based reporter that visualizes the conformational changes in Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs).

Towards Sustainable Recycling of Epoxy-Based Polymers: Approaches and Challenges of Epoxy Biodegradation.

Epoxy resins are highly valued for their remarkable mechanical and chemical properties and are extensively used in various applications such as coatings, adhesives, and fiber-reinforced composites in lightweight construction. Composites are especially important for the development and implementation of sustainable technologies such as wind power, energy-efficient aircrafts, and electric cars. Despite their advantages, their non-biodegradability raises challenges for the recycling of polymer and composites in particular.

Ten-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014.

Background The Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score, which is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes, has been found to be associated with cognitive health, but these findings have not been validated in a representative sample in the United States. We aimed to examine the associations of Framingham risk score with cognitive function among older adults in a nationally representative sample, as well as by race or ethnicity, education, and family income. Methods and Results A total of 2254 older adults ≥60 years (57% female, 79% non-Hispanic White) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 were included in the final sample for analysis.

Bioleaching of valuable metals from spent LIBs followed by selective recovery of manganese using the precipitation method: Metabolite maximization and process optimization.

Despite the increased demand for resource recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), low Mn leaching efficiencies have hindered the development of this technology. A novel process was devised to enhance the dissolution of metals by producing citric acid using a molasses medium by Penicillium citrinum. This investigation used response surface methodology to investigate the influence of molasses concentration and media components on citric acid production, which demonstrated that molasses (18.

Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Arterial Stiffness Among Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background We examined arterial stiffness in individuals with type 1 diabetes, and explored whether differences between Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals were attributable to modifiable clinical and social factors. Methods and Results Participants (n=1162; 22% Hispanic, 18% NHB, and 60% NHW) completed 2 to 3 research visits from ≈10 months to ≈11 years post type 1 diabetes diagnosis (mean ages of ≈9 to ≈20 years, respectively) providing data on socioeconomic factors, type 1 diabetes characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, health behaviors, quality of clinical care, and perception of clinical care. Arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV], m/s) was measured at ≈20 years of age.