European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) guidance on the pharmacy handling of in vivo gene therapy medicinal products.

Gene therapy is becoming increasingly prevalent, with new gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) being approved for use every year. Hospital pharmacists are expected to prepare and dispense these products, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the availability of up-to-date, practical guidance at a national level in Europe. Many institutions have no or very limited experience in handling GTMPs.

Therapeutic dilemmas with benzodiazepines and Z-drugs: insomnia and anxiety disorders versus increased fall risk: a clinical review.

Purpose: The aim of this clinical review was to summarise the existing knowledge on fall risk associated with benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs in older people with focus on appropriate prescribing, including deprescribing.

Methods: We conducted a literature search in June 2021 in PubMed and Embase with citation and reference checking. Personal reference libraries and international websites were also used.

Ligneous conjunctivitis mimicking preseptal cellulitis in a 3-month-old infant.

Background: Ligneous conjunctivitis is a very rare form of pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with few published cases in literature. We aim to describe the ocular findings and treatment in an infant with ligneous conjunctivitis resembling preseptal cellulitis on presentation.

Materials And Methods: Case report of a 3-month-old girl who was referred to a tertiary centre for ophthalmic assessment due to progressive eyelid oedema with no response to initiated topical and systemic antibiotics.

Recognition of a disulfiram ethanol reaction in the emergency department is not always straightforward.

Objectives: Disulfiram is an adjunct in the treatment of alcohol use disorders, but case reports indicate that disulfiram ethanol reactions are not always recognized in the emergency department. Our first aim is to remind of this risk with two case reports of life-threatening reactions not immediately considered by the emergency physician. The second aim is to estimate the probability that a disulfiram reaction goes unrecognized with the use of a retrospective study of patients admitted to the emergency department.

Role for neutrophils in host immune responses and genetic factors that modulate resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the inbred mouse strain SPRET/Ei.

Infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a complex disease in which the host-bacterium interactions are strongly influenced by genetic factors of the host. We demonstrate that SPRET/Ei, an inbred mouse strain derived from Mus spretus, is resistant to S. Typhimurium infections.

Type I interferon drives tumor necrosis factor-induced lethal shock.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is reputed to have very powerful antitumor effects, but it is also a strong proinflammatory cytokine. Injection of TNF in humans and mice leads to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with major effects on liver and bowels. TNF is also a central mediator in several inflammatory diseases.