Practical and Robust NMR-Based Metabolic Phenotyping of Gut Health in Early Life.

While substantial efforts have been made to optimize and standardize fecal metabolomics for studies in adults, the development of a standard protocol to analyze infant feces is, however, still lagging behind. Here, we present the development of a hands-on and robust protocol for proton H NMR spectroscopy of infant feces. The influence of extraction solvent, dilution ratio, homogenization method, filtration, and duration of centrifugation on the biochemical composition of infant feces was carefully evaluated using visual inspection of H NMR spectra in combination with multivariate statistical modeling.

Infants' First Solid Foods: Impact on Gut Microbiota Development in Two Intercontinental Cohorts.

The introduction of solid foods is an important dietary event during infancy that causes profound shifts in the gut microbial composition towards a more adult-like state. Infant gut bacterial dynamics, especially in relation to nutritional intake remain understudied. Over 2 weeks surrounding the time of solid food introduction, the day-to-day dynamics in the gut microbiomes of 24 healthy, full-term infants from the Baby, Food & Mi and LucKi-Gut cohort studies were investigated in relation to their dietary intake.

Higher Prevalence of in Crohn's Disease Exacerbations and Strain-Dependent Increase of Epithelial Resistance.

has previously been linked to Crohn's disease (CD) exacerbations, but results are inconsistent and underlying mechanisms unknown. This study investigates the epidemiology of and its virulence factors (enterotoxin) and among 181 CD patients and the impact on the intestinal epithelial barrier . The prevalence of was significantly higher in active ( = 69/88, 78.

Investigating colonization patterns of the infant gut microbiome during the introduction of solid food and weaning from breastmilk: A cohort study protocol.

The first exposures to microbes occur during infancy and it is suggested that this initial colonization influences the adult microbiota composition. Despite the important role that the gut microbiome may have in health outcomes later in life, the factors that influence its development during infancy and early childhood have not been characterized fully. Guidelines about the introduction of solid foods and cessation of breastfeeding, which is thought to have a significant role in the transition to a more adult-like microbiota, are not based on microbiome research.

How to Count Our Microbes? The Effect of Different Quantitative Microbiome Profiling Approaches.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has instigated the research on the role of the microbiome in health and disease. The compositional nature of such microbiome datasets makes it however challenging to identify those microbial taxa that are truly associated with an intervention or health outcome. Quantitative microbiome profiling overcomes the compositional structure of microbiome sequencing data by integrating absolute quantification of microbial abundances into the NGS data.

Development of the Microbiota and Associations With Birth Mode, Diet, and Atopic Disorders in a Longitudinal Analysis of Stool Samples, Collected From Infancy Through Early Childhood.

Background & Aims: Establishment of the gastrointestinal microbiota during infancy affects immune system development and oral tolerance induction. Perturbations in the microbiome during this period can contribute to development of immune-mediated diseases. We monitored microbiota maturation and associations with subsequent development of allergies in infants and children.

Identification of metabolic phenotypes in childhood obesity by H NMR metabolomics of blood plasma.

Aim: To identify the plasma metabolic profile associated with childhood obesity and its metabolic phenotypes.

Materials & Methods: The plasma metabolic profile of 65 obese and 37 normal-weight children was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were rationally divided into 110 integration regions, which reflect relative metabolite concentrations, and were used as statistical variables.

Metabolic profiling of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: a case-control study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common pediatric diseases and its incidence is rising in many countries. Recently, it has been shown that metabolites other than glucose play an important role in insulin deficiency and the development of diabetes. The aim of our study was to look for discriminating variation in the concentrations of small-molecule metabolites in the plasma of T1DM children as compared to non-diabetic matched controls using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR)-based metabolomics.

Metabolic phenotyping of human plasma by H-NMR at high and medium magnetic field strengths: a case study for lung cancer.

Accurate identification and quantification of human plasma metabolites can be challenging in crowded regions of the NMR spectrum with severe signal overlap. Therefore, this study describes metabolite spiking experiments on the basis of which the NMR spectrum can be rationally segmented into well-defined integration regions, and this for spectrometers having magnetic field strengths corresponding to H resonance frequencies of 400 MHz and 900 MHz. Subsequently, the integration data of a case-control dataset of 69 lung cancer patients and 74 controls were used to train a multivariate statistical classification model for both field strengths.

Altered gas-exchange at peak exercise in obese adolescents: implications for verification of effort during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is advised ahead of exercise intervention in obese adolescents to assess medical safety of exercise and physical fitness. Optimal validity and reliability of test results are required to identify maximal exercise effort. As fat oxidation during exercise is disturbed in obese individuals, it remains an unresolved methodological issue whether the respiratory gas exchange ratio (RER) is a valid marker for maximal effort during exercise testing in this population.

Classification and clinical characterization of metabolically "healthy" obese children and adolescents.

Background: Some obese children do not show cardiometabolic complications such as prediabetes, dyslipidemia or insulin resistance. The objective of the study was to classify obese children and adolescents as metabolically "healthy" obese (MHO) on the basis of three different definitions, and to compare cardiometabolic features with metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) children and adolescents.

Methods: The study included 156 obese children and adolescents aged between 10 and 18.

Reliability and Validity of the Dutch Physical Activity Questionnaires for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A).

Background: This study was designed to validate the Dutch Physical Activity Questionnaires for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A).

Methods: After adjustment of the original Canadian PAQ-C and PAQ-A (i.e.

Differences in gut microbiota composition between obese and lean children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: An altered gut microbiota composition has recently been linked to obesity. The principal aim of this study is to investigate and compare the gut microbiota composition in obese and lean children. Secondly, associations between analysed gut bacterial species, dietary compounds, energy intake and biochemical blood parameters are evaluated.