Electronic Impact of High-Energy Metal Deposition on Ultrathin Oxide Semiconductors.

High-energy metal deposition significantly impacts the performance and reliability of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and nanodevices. This study investigates the localized annealing effect in atomically thin InO induced during high-energy metal deposition. The localized heating effect alters the electronic performance of InO devices, especially in shorter channel devices, where heat dissipation is further constrained.

Health-related Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity in Double Lung Transplant Recipients With Baseline Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

Background: Baseline lung allograft dysfunction (BLAD) after lung transplant is associated with an increased risk of dying, but the association with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and exercise capacity is not known. We hypothesized that BLAD would be associated with reduced HRQL and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) at 1 y post-lung transplant.

Methods: We analyzed patients who underwent lung transplants in our program from 2004 to 2018 who completed 1-y 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire and 6MWD testing.

Improving the Thermal Stability of Indium Oxide n-Type Field-Effect Transistors by Enhancing Crystallinity through Ultrahigh-Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing.

Ultrathin indium oxide films show great potential as channel materials of complementary metal oxide semiconductor back-end-of-line transistors due to their high carrier mobility, smooth surface, and low leakage current. However, it has severe thermal stability problems (unstable and negative threshold voltage shifts at high temperatures). In this paper, we clarified how the improved crystallinity of indium oxide by using ultrahigh-temperature rapid thermal O annealing could reduce donor-like defects and suppress thermal-induced defects, drastically enhancing thermal stability.

The role of DNA nanotechnology in medical sensing.

This paper explores how DNA nanotechnology enhances biosensors in medicine and pharmacology by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of DNA and the unique advantages of DNA origami technology. DNA origami allows the establishment of complex nanoobjects with precise size and complete molecular writability as well as the possibility of seamless integration and biocompatibility with biological systems. Utilizing this, the chemical denaturation of DNA chains allows for the combination of various functions, including organic fluorescence groups and photoreaction elements, This has allowed DNA origami to become a transformative tool in biotechnology and other fields because of its versatility, use in innovative applications improving the design and function of biosensors, and potential to provide greater possibilities for early disease diagnosis and personalized medicine.

HfO Memristor-Based Flexible Radio Frequency Switches.

Flexible and wearable electronics are experiencing rapid growth due to the increasing demand for multifunctional, lightweight, and portable devices. However, the growing demands of interactive applications driven by the rise of AI reveal the inadequate connectivity of current connection technologies. In this work, we successfully leverage memristive technology to develop a flexible radio frequency (RF) switch, optimized for 6G-compatible communication systems and adaptable to flexible applications.

Emerging 2D Materials and Van der Waals Heterostructures for Advanced NIR, SWIR, and MWIR Emitters.

Infrared (IR) emitters have drawn considerable attention for applications in deep-tissue imaging, optical communication, and thermal sensing. While III-V and II-VI semiconductors are traditionally used in these emitters, their reliance on complex epitaxial growth to overcome lattice mismatch and thermal expansion challenges leads to intricate device structures and limits their integrability. In contrast, 2D materials provide a more flexible solution, offering diverse optical bandgaps and the ability to be vertically restacked in arbitrary crystal orientations to form complex van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, which can be further integrated onto diverse device platforms.

Breaking the Trade-Off Between Mobility and On-Off Ratio in Oxide Transistors.

Amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) are pivotal for next-generation electronics due to their high electron mobility and excellent optical properties. However, InO, a key material in this family, encounters significant challenges in balancing high mobility and effective switching as its thickness is scaled down to nanometer dimensions. The high electron density in ultra-thin InO hinders its ability to turn off effectively, leading to a critical trade-off between mobility and the on-current (I)/off-current (I) ratio.

Reversible Charge Transfer Doping in Atomically Thin InO by Viologens.

Atomically thin oxide semiconductors are emerging as potential materials for their potentiality in monolithic 3D integration and sensor applications. In this study, a charge transfer method employing viologen, an organic compound with exceptional reduction potential among n-type organics, is presented to modulate the carrier concentration in atomically thin InO without the need of annealing. This study highlights the critical role of channel thickness on doping efficiency, revealing that viologen charge transfer doping is increasingly pronounced in thinner channels owing to their increased surface-to-volume ratio.

Systemic corticosteroids for outpatient respiratory viral infections in lung transplant recipients.

Introduction: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) in lung transplant recipients (LTR) have variably been associated with rejection and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Our center has used systemic corticosteroids to treat outpatient RVI in some cases, but evidence is limited. We reviewed all adult LTR diagnosed with outpatient RVI January 2017 to December 2019.

Old wine in a new bottle: Applying the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach to explore the impact of energy efficiency, financial development, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and urbanization on CO emissions.

Achieving carbon neutrality targets is crucial while considering the adverse impacts of carbon dioxide emissions (CE) on human life and the ecosystem. Therefore, its socioeconomic drivers have frequently been probed in the existing body of literature. Therefore, we investigate the impact of energy efficiency, FDI, financial development, urbanization, and economic growth on CE in Pakistan from 1975 to 2020.

Wide-range and area-selective threshold voltage tunability in ultrathin indium oxide transistors.

The scaling of transistors with thinner channel thicknesses has led to a surge in research on two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D semiconductors. However, modulating the threshold voltage (V) in ultrathin transistors is challenging, as traditional doping methods are not readily applicable. In this work, we introduce a optical-thermal method, combining ultraviolet (UV) illumination and oxygen annealing, to achieve broad-range V tunability in ultrathin InO.

A different look at the environmental Kuznets curve from the perspective of environmental deterioration and economic policy uncertainty: evidence from fragile countries.

Environmental degradation is one of the most significant issues that developing nations confront and needs to be resolved right away in order for them to achieve sustainable development. Government policies are crucial in this situation since emerging nations frequently struggle with the issue of policy ambiguity, which can result in environmental deterioration. In this context, this study investigates how policy uncertainty affects environmental degradation in the five fragile emerging economies known as the Fragile Five-Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey.

Multimodal Pain Control Utilizing Buprenorphine for Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: A Quality Improvement Comparison to Conventional Opioid Management.

Introduction: This study investigated the effectiveness of buprenorphine as an alternative to the use of conventional opioids perioperatively in an effort to help mitigate the impact of the use of perioperative conventional opioids for patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.

Methods: Outcomes of patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy were examined before and after implementation of novel quality improvement study that included receiving buprenorphine compared to conventional opioids for pain control intraoperatively and postoperatively. The primary end point was adequate pain control with secondary end points being analgesic consumption at home, opioid-related side effects, and patient satisfaction.

Relative Lung Perfusion on Ventilation-Perfusion Scans After Double Lung Transplant.

Background: Pulmonary blood flow can be assessed on ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan with relative lung perfusion, with a 55% to 45% (or 10%) right-to-left differential considered normal. We hypothesized that wide perfusion differential on routine VQ studies at 3 mo posttransplant would be associated with an increased risk of death or retransplantation, chronic lung allograft (CLAD), and baseline lung allograft dysfunction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all patients who underwent double-lung transplant in our program between 2005 and 2016, identifying patients with a wide perfusion differential of >10% on a 3-mo VQ scan.

Bright and Efficient Light-Emitting Devices Based on 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

2D monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) show great promise for the development of next-generation light-emitting devices owing to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. The dangling-bond-free surface and direct-bandgap structure of monolayer TMDCs allow for near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiencies. The excellent mechanical and optical characteristics of 2D TMDCs offer great potential to fabricate TMDC-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) featuring good flexibility and transparency.

Toward Perfect Surfaces of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Ion Bombardment and Annealing Treatment.

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are two-dimensional materials exhibiting a variety of unique features with great potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications. The performance of devices fabricated with mono or few-layer TMD materials, nevertheless, is significantly affected by surface defects in the TMD materials. Recent efforts have been focused on delicate control of growth conditions to reduce the defect density, whereas the preparation of a defect-free surface remains challenging.

Safety of Crossing Donor-specific Antibodies in Lung Transplantation.

Background: Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) have been associated with antibody-mediated rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and increased mortality in lung transplant recipients. Our center performs transplants in the presence of DSA, and we sought to evaluate the safety of this practice with respect to graft loss, CLAD onset, and primary graft dysfunction (PGD).

Methods: We reviewed recipients transplanted from 2010 to 2017, classifying them as DSA positive (DSA + ) or negative.

Automating Anesthesiology Resident Case Logs Reduces Reporting Variability.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log system for anesthesiology resident training relies on subjective categorization of surgical procedures and lacks clear guidelines for assigning credit roles. Therefore, resident reporting practices likely vary within and between institutions. Our primary aim was to develop a systematic process for generating automated case logs using data elements extracted from the electronic health care record.

Heal-me PiONEer (personalized online nutrition and exercise): An RCT assessing 2 levels of app-based programming in individuals with chronic disease.

Background App-based strategies are a promising solution to deliver nutrition and exercise interventions during social distancing. With limited RCT data in individuals with chronic disease, further information is required both to determine impact, and to guide delivery. The Heal-Me app is an evidence-based, theoretically informed nutrition and exercise solution that can be tailored for use across a range of individuals with chronic disease.

Mismatched perfusion defects on routine ventilation-perfusion scans after lung transplantation.

Background: Incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) is a challenging entity with unclear treatment implications. Our program performs routine ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scans at 3-months post-transplant to establish airway and vascular function. We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic implications of mismatched perfusion defects (MMPD) found on these studies, hypothesizing they would be associated with a benign prognosis.

Defect Inspection Techniques in SiC.

With the increasing demand of silicon carbide (SiC) power devices that outperform the silicon-based devices, high cost and low yield of SiC manufacturing process are the most urgent issues yet to be solved. It has been shown that the performance of SiC devices is largely influenced by the presence of so-called killer defects, formed during the process of crystal growth. In parallel to the improvement of the growth techniques for reducing defect density, a post-growth inspection technique capable of identifying and locating defects has become a crucial necessity of the manufacturing process.

COVID-19 and currency dependences: Empirical evidence from BRICS.

The COVID-19 has caused dramatic fluctuations in international financial markets. This paper tests the effect of this pandemic on foreign exchange dependences within the BRICS economies. Upon dividing the COVID-19 episode into four stages, we document negative effects of the COVID-19 on dependences between CNY and other currencies in the BRICS across different stages.