Refining Stereotaxic Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery Procedures for Parkinson Disease in Pursuit of Zero Pneumocephalus: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Background And Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established intervention for alleviating both motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease. However, a common complication of stereotaxic DBS surgery is pneumocephalus, which can compromise electrode accuracy, complicate postoperative assessments, and negatively affect the long-term outcomes of DBS surgery. This report proposes a comprehensive and robust set of recommendations aimed at optimizing DBS surgical protocols to achieve zero pneumocephalus outcomes.

Clinical features, angio-architectural phenotypes, and treatment strategy of foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective case series study.

Background: The rarity and complex angioarchitecture of foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) make its treatment difficult and controversial. We aimed to describe their clinical features, angio-architectural phenotypes, and treatments, through a case series study.

Methods: We first retrospectively studied cases of foramen magnum DAVFs treated in our Cerebrovascular Center, and then reviewed the published cases on Pubmed.

Metformin enhances anti-cancer effects of cisplatin in meningioma through AMPK-mTOR signaling pathways.

Cisplatin is currently used to treat inoperable recurrent meningiomas, but its side effects and drug resistance limit its use. Metformin has recently been identified as a chemosensitizing agent. However, the combined treatment of cisplatin and metformin in high-grade meningiomas has not been reported.

LINC00174 is a favorable prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma via promoting proliferative phenotype.

Objective: To investigate the expression pattern, prognostic value and biological functional of LINC00174 in glioma.

Methods: In total, 140 glioma samples were collected as discovery cohort. TCGA RNA sequence dataset was obtained as validation set.

SOX9-activated PXN-AS1 promotes the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by EZH2-mediated methylation of DKK1.

Increasing evidence has validated the essential regulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological process of tumours. LncRNA PXN-AS1 has been discovered to be as a tumour suppressor in pancreatic cancer; however, its function and mechanism remain greatly unknown in glioblastoma (GBM). Our present study indicated that PXN-AS1 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cells.

Inhibition of PP2A with LB-100 Enhances Efficacy of CAR-T Cell Therapy Against Glioblastoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells represent a promising modality for treating glioblastoma. Recently, we demonstrated that CAR-T cells targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a protein involved in HIF-1a hypoxic signaling, is a promising CAR-T cell target in an intracranial murine glioblastoma model. Anti-CAIX CAR-T cell therapy is limited by its suboptimal activation within the tumor microenvironment.

Blocking lncRNA MALAT1/miR-199a/ZHX1 Axis Inhibits Glioblastoma Proliferation and Progression.

Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) is a transcription repressor that has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of diverse tumors. The functional role and regulating mechanism of ZHX1 has not been elucidated in glioblastoma (GBM). Previous reports have suggested that a large number of non-coding RNAs play a vital role in glioma initiation and progression.

Remote Intracranial Hemorrhage Secondary to Brain Tumor Surgery.

Postoperative remote intracranial hemorrhage (rICH) secondary to craniotomy surgery is an extremely rare but catastrophic complication. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and the possible pathophysiological mechanism of rICH after brain tumor surgery. The clinical data from 9 rICH cases among 4588 patients undergoing brain tumor surgery were collected retrospectively.

Targeting hypoxia downstream signaling protein, CAIX, for CAR T-cell therapy against glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma survival remains unchanged despite continuing therapeutic innovation. Herein, we aim to (i) develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with a specificity to a unique antigen, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), which is expressed in the hypoxic microenvironment characteristic of glioblastoma, and (ii) demonstrate its efficacy with limited off-target effects.

Methods: First we demonstrated expression of CAIX in patient-derived glioblastoma samples and available databases.

Blocking lncRNA -miR-19a-Id2 axis attenuates hypoxia/ischemia induced neuronal injury.

Elevated expression of lncRNA () in the setting of hypoxia has been implicated as a promising therapeutic target for various cancers. However, little is known about the impact and underlying mechanism of in ischemic brain stroke. This study found that levels were elevated in the serum of stroke patients, as well as in the ischemic penumbra of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury and neuronal cells with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).

Delayed Dural Arteriovenous Fistula at the Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Secondary to Petroclival Meningioma Surgery Via Far Lateral Approach.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are typified by pathological anastomoses between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses or cortical veins. There are many causes contributing to the etiology of DAVFs. Among the variable causes, acquired DAVFs secondary to craniotomy had rarely been reported, especially for delayed DAVFs at the transverse-sigmoid sinus.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with an incidental pituitary adenoma.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea presenting as the sole symptom of untreated pituitary adenoma is rare, with only 15 cases having been reported in the English literature. All these untreated pituitary adenoma contributing to spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea were diagnosed by the preoperative neuroimaging. Herein, we described an extraordinary rare patient with a pituitary microadenoma, presenting with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea as the sole symptom.

Identification of a multidimensional transcriptome signature for survival prediction of postoperative glioblastoma multiforme patients.

Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a devastating brain tumor with maximum surgical resection, radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) as the standard treatment. Diverse clinicopathological and molecular features are major obstacles to accurate predict survival and evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Reliable prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for postoperative GBM patients.

Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio correlated with glioma grading and glioblastoma survival.

Background: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple, low-cost and easily measured inflammation marker, corresponding with pathological tumor grading and clinical prognosis in various cancers.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative NLR and glioma grading and also the correlation between NLR and glioblastoma survival.

Methods: The preoperative NLR was analyzed retrospectively in 239 gliomas of different grades, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was adopted to investigate the prediction of glioma grading.

Bilateral remote cerebellar hemorrhage following surgical clipping a ruptured supratentorial aneurysm.

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) is a rare and severe complication after supratentorial surgery, with various risk factors and mechanisms remaining uncertain. Herein, we report a 64-year-old female patient suffered bilateral RCH following surgical clipping a ruptured aneurysm of internal carotid artery bifurcation. RCH is considered as venous in origin, and is likely the result of intra-operative or post-operative loss of CSF.

Delayed Intracerebral Hemorrhage Secondary to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Postoperative delayed intracerebral hemorrhage (DICH) secondary to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a rare but severe event. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors related to DICH after placement of the VP shunt.

Methods: The clinical data from 532 patients with VP shunt were collected retrospectively.

Posttraumatic Intradiploic Pseudomeningocele of the Occipito-Cervical Region.

Pseudomeningocele is a collection of the cerebrospinal fluid in the extradural space due to a defect in the dura-arachnoid layer of the meninge, and manifests as a fibrous capsule in the space of subcutaneous tissues. Classically, growing skull fracture caused by the pseudomeningocele is not uncommon in the pediatric age group. However, a posttraumatic intradiploic pseudomeningoceles is extremely rare, and only a few patients have been described.

Bundling potent natural toxin cantharidin within platinum (IV) prodrugs for liposome drug delivery and effective malignant neuroblastoma treatment.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most commonly seen malignancies in childhood and infancy. Cantharidin is a highly potent natural toxin that possesses potent anti-tumor properties on various cancers including NB. However, exposure to cantharidin can cause severe chemical burns and application of cantharidin for cancer therapy is limited.

Primary Spinal Oligoastrocytoma.

Astrocytomas are the most common intramedullary spinal cord tumors in pediatric and adolescent patients and the incidence decreases with age. Spinal oligoastrocytoma, which is a mixed glioma with distinct astrocytic and oligodendroglial components, is an extremely rare pathology of the spinal cord. To authors' best of knowledge, there are only 7 spinal oligoastrocytomas reported in the English literature.

The Coexistence of Rathke Cleft Cyst and Pituitary Adenoma.

Both of Pituitary adenoma (PA) and Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) are the most common and benign sellar lesions. Generally, the origin of RCC is considered to be derived from remnants of Rathke punch, while PA is formed by proliferation of the anterior wall of Rathke pouch. Although they have a possibility to share a common embryological origin, the coexistence of PA and RCC is extremely rare.

IDH1R¹³²H decreases the proliferation of U87 glioma cells through upregulation of microRNA-128a.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are found in >70% of secondary glioblastomas and lower-grade gliomas (grades II-III). Among the numerous phenotypic differences between IDH1 mutant and wild-type glioma patients, the most salient is an improved survival rate for patients with a mutation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non‑coding, single‑stranded RNAs that can negatively regulate gene expression at the post‑transcriptional level, predominantly by binding to the 3'‑untranslated region of their target mRNAs.

Silencing of Id2 attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.

Cerebral ischemic stroke has long been recognized as a prevalent and serious neurological disease that was associated with high mortality and morbidity. However, the current therapeutic protocols remain suboptimal with major mechanisms underlying stroke urgently warranted. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2) is found to be up-regulated in neuronal cells following hypoxia/ischemia (H/I).