[Gender distribution of scientific contributions at German ophthalmological conferences-a baseline study].

Background: The proportion of female ophthalmologists in Germany has risen to approximately 50% in recent years, and approximately 66% of medical students are women. This represents a reversal of the past situation with a male predominance. Despite this change, many international studies show that women are still underrepresented at scientific conferences, particularly among invited speakers, chairpersons, and program committees.

[Academics in ophthalmology : An analysis of the gender distribution at German university hospitals and the Clinician Scientist Program].

Background: The number of female ophthalmologists has risen steadily in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate the gender ratios, subspecialties, and academic degrees of ophthalmologists at German university hospitals. Additionally, the study analyzes the proportion of women in science programs such as the Clinician Scientist Program.

[The glass ceiling in ophthalmology].

Currently, two thirds of medical students are female. However, women continue to be clearly underrepresented in leading medical positions, which is also true for ophthalmology. The scientific output of female ophthalmologists is increasing, more pronounced as first authors than last, but remains below that of male colleagues.

Reduced Posology of an Ophthalmic Hydrogel Containing Dexamethasone/Netilmicin to Prevent and Treat Ocular Inflammation After Cataract Surgery: Efficacy and Tolerability.

Introduction: To demonstrate efficacy and safety of an ophthalmic hydrogel formulation of netilmicin/dexamethasone, containing xanthan gum twice a day (b.i.d.

[Orbital Trauma].

Orbital trauma is a common medical emergency with potentially sight-threatening complications. Due to the confined orbital conditions, any direct injury or space-consuming lesion may cause serious tissue damage. Possible complications are orbital fractures, foreign body injuries, development of orbital compartment syndrome and traumatic optic neuropathy.

Dysphotopsia and functional quality of vision after implantation of an intraocular lens with a 7.0 mm optic and plate haptic design.

Purpose: To determine the impact of an intraocular lens (IOL) with a 7.0 mm optic and plate haptic design on incidence of dysphotopsia and visual functions after cataract surgery.

Setting: Day-care clinic.

Fingolimod after a first unilateral episode of acute optic neuritis (MOVING) - preliminary results from a randomized, rater-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Neuroprotection and promotion of remyelination represent important therapeutic gaps in multiple sclerosis (MS). Acute optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent MS manifestation. Based on the presence and properties of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, we hypothesized that remyelination can be enhanced by treatment with fingolimod, a S1PR modulator currently licensed for relapsing-remitting MS.

[Special Intraocular Lenses in Refractive Lens Surgery].

Purpose: Many different models and types of special intraocular lenses (IOL) are now available for refractive lens surgery. In particular, toric and multifocal IOL need specific conditions to achieve satisfactory results. For multifocal IOL, many models with different optical principles are available.

Visual function and reading speed after bilateral implantation of 2 types of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses: Add-on versus capsular bag design.

Purpose: To compare the functional outcomes of primary implantation of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in the capsular bag and an add-on multifocal IOL in the sulcus with the functional results of a conventional multifocal posterior chamber IOL and to evaluate the multifocal add-on IOL as an effective alternative to a conventional multifocal IOL.

Setting: Ernst von Bergmann Eye Clinic, Potsdam, Germany.

Design: Prospective nonrandomized case series.

Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens to correct myopia: long-term follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a refractive phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) (PRL) to correct moderate to high myopia.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

[Central toxic keratopathy after photorefractive keratectomy].

Central toxic keratopathy is a rare complication following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and may unfavorably influence best-corrected visual acuity and refraction. Because of the growing number of refractive surgical procedures worldwide there may be an increasing incidence of this disorder. A differentiation from an inflammatory or infectious etiology is necessary for the appropriate treatment.

[A new toric diffractive multifocal lens for refractive surgery].

Background: Up to now only a combination of lens and corneal surgery in the sense of bioptics could be used in refractive surgery for correcting high myopia, hyperopia or presbyopia in combination with astigmatisms. Since the summer of 2007 the first model of a toric diffractive bifocal intraocular lens is available for correcting combined refractive errors. The first results on 10 eyes from 6 patients are presented in this article.

[Bioptics with multifocal lenses and Lasek].

Purpose: Good functional results with multifocal lenses need exact postoperative emmetropia. Therefore, it seems reasonable to perform additional refractive surgery to correct minimal spherical or cylindrical postoperative ametropia (bioptics). But concerns could arise about additional photoptic phenomena or loss of contrast.

[Supine cyclotorsion and asphericity].

Background: Customised ablation to correct refractive errors is becoming more and more important today. Preoperative examinations are performed in a seated position while laser surgery is carried out in the supine position. It is well known that cyclotorsions occur but until now there have not been any investigations on possible changes in astigmatism, root mean square (RMS) and asphericity.

[Cystoid macular edema in a pseudophakic patient after several glaucoma procedures. Is local therapy with bimatoprost the reason?].

Background: Prostaglandin-like drugs such as latanoprost (Xalatan), travoprost (Travatan) and bimatoprost (Lumigan) lower the intraocular pressure by improving the outflow of aqueous humor via the uveoscleral pathway. Up to now there is no report about a macular edema after the topical use of Lumigan eye drops in a pseudophakic patient with an intact posterior capsule.

Patient: A 69-year-old pseudophakic patient with a 14-year history of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome, revealed a cystoid macular edema after local treatment with bimatoprost .

[Monocentric two-year results after phakic posterior chamber lens (PRL) implantation in myopic patients].

Purpose: Some refractive procedures such as PRK or LASIK are limited by factors, including high myopia, hyperopia, or a thin cornea. For these cases, phakic intraocular lenses have been developed. Previous models have been associated with various complications, however.

Specific antibody production in herpes keratitis: intraocular inflammation and corneal neovascularisation as predicting factors.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether analysis of specific antibody synthesis can aid the diagnosis of herpes keratitis.

Methods: Aqueous humor was collected from 39 patients with presumed recurrent herpes keratitis, including 23 consulting for keratitis and 16 patients scheduled for penetrating keratoplasty. Local antibody production was ascertained by analysis of paired aqueous humor/serum samples, using a modified micro-ELISA technique.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis in Wegener's granulomatosis: case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: To present the first case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a Wegener's granulomatosis patient on systemic cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy.

Methods: A 41-year-old patient was treated with systemic CsA for c-ANCA positive Wegener's granulomatosis. Four weeks later he presented with blurred vision and a retinitis was diagnosed in the right eye.

Evaluation of a human capsular bag model for secondary cataract determination after intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different intraocular lenses (IOLs) on lens epithelial cells (LECs) and on human capsular bags in vitro and to evaluate the transferability of this model to clinical situations.

Methods: Sham cataract surgery, including IOL-into-the-bag implantation, was performed on 38 donor eyes after removal of the cornea. The capsular bag including the IOL was removed, pinned on a culture dish, covered with medium, and incubated.

[Evaluation of posterior capsule opacification after implantation of the Akreos Disc and Akreos Fit acrylic intraocular lenses - pilot studies].

In the course of the past few years the incidence of secondary cataract has reduced continually due to advanced surgical technique and better lens material and design. To evaluate the progression of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and IOL-decentration after implantation of two hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOL) we set up two pilot studies at two different ophthalmological surgical centres. After extracapsular cataract extraction 15 patients got the Akreos Disc-IOL (Bausch and Lomb) and 12 patients the Akreos Fit-IOL (Bausch and Lomb) implanted.

[Antiviral therapy adjustment in corneal recipients using antibody testing in the aqueous humor].

Introduction: In corneal recipients with herpes infection, acyclovir given for 1 year postoperatively prevents viral reactivation and improves graft outcome. The indication for prophylactic antiviral therapy relies on the preoperative diagnosis of herpes. However, many patients present with corneal scars featuring sequelae of herpes without a proven history of herpes.

[Ocular toxoplasmosis antibodies in aqueous humor and serum].

Background: The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is mainly based on ophthalmological examination but might be difficult to establish in some cases. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the value of aqueous humor and serum analysis in ocular toxoplasmosis.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the avidity of toxoplasma-specific IgG in aqueous humor and serum samples from 50 patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, with 25 patients with uveitis posterior or panuveitis serving as controls.

[Does the type of lens influence stereoscopic vision].

Purpose: Age and monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) are assumed to reduce the quality of stereopsis, whereas multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOL) are supposed to provide better random dot stereopsis than monofocal IOL. The following study investigates whether and how the different IOL types (including the different existing principles of MIOL) influence stereopsis.

Patients And Methods: We included 153 persons from six groups (young and elder phakic subjects, patients with bilateral monofocal IOL, with bilateral diffractive MIOL, with bilateral refractive MIOL, and with unilateral diffractive/refractive MIOL).