Quality of life and mental health in the locked-in-state-differences between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their next of kin.

For both patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their next of kin (NOK), the maintenance of quality of life (QoL) and mental health is particularly important. First studies suggest significant discrepancies between QoL reports by patients and NOK, but little is known for advanced ALS stages. To address this issue, we screened 52 ALS patients in incomplete locked-in state (iLIS).

Differences Between Omnivores and Vegetarians in Personality Profiles, Values, and Empathy: A Systematic Review.

Numerous medical studies have documented vegetarian diets as having various health benefits. Studies have also compared vegetarians with other dietary groups from a socio-psychological perspective. The objective of this review is to investigate the differences between vegetarians and omnivores in terms of their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills.

Ketogenic diet and fasting diet as Nutritional Approaches in Multiple Sclerosis (NAMS): protocol of a randomized controlled study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in young adults that may lead to progressive disability. Since pharmacological treatments may have substantial side effects, there is a need for complementary treatment options such as specific dietary approaches. Ketone bodies that are produced during fasting diets (FDs) and ketogenic diets (KDs) are an alternative and presumably more efficient energy source for the brain.

[Magnesium deficiency and therapy in cardiac arrhythmias: recommendations of the German Society for Magnesium Research].

Aim of the recommendations of the German Society for Magnesium Research: Recognition and compensation of magnesium deficiency in patients with risk factors for cardiac arrhythmias or manifest rhythm disturbances. Prevention of arrhythmias by administration of magnesium. Therapeutic administration of magnesium in patients with arrhythmias with and without magnesium deficiency.

About the misdiagnosis of magnesium deficiency.

The experience of our self-help organisation shows that the reason patients with symptoms of magnesium (Mg) deficiency do not get Mg therapy is acceptance of an inappropriate lower limit of the reference values for serum Mg concentration. The commonly designated low limit of the normal range seems to have been selected from values obtained for symptomatic patients. It is below levels that exist in patients with marginal deficiencies that can predispose to development of pathologic findings, so that the prevalence and importance of this disease is insufficiently considered.

Subcloning of prochymosin cDNA for Plac controlled expression.

Two overlapping segments of prochymosin cDNA clones (Liebscher et al., 1985) were used to construct plasmids that expressed an activable zymogen product and thus verified the integrity of the reverse transcripts. The pUC9 vector was used for the expression, under the control of the lac promoter.

Molecular cloning and identification of cDNA recombinants coding for bovine prochymosin in E. coli.

Poly(A) RNA was isolated from the gastric mucosa of the bovine fourth stomach (the abomasum) using and analysing several calves not older than 12 days. The amount of the preprochymosin mRNA in the mucosa of those animals at best reaches about 5-10% of the poly(A) RNA as estimated by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. Starting from that material double-stranded complementary DNA was synthesized, inserted by dG dC tailing into the PstI site of the vector plasmid pBR322 and used for transformation of E.

Carp preproinsulin cDNA sequence and evolution of insulin genes.

The nucleic acid sequence of the preproinsulin cDNA of carp (Cyprinus carpio), cloned in the PstI site of pBR322 ( Liebscher et al. 1980), has been determined. The sequenced insert of 439 bp includes the complete coding information for carp preproinsulin (108 amino acids), 10 nucleotides of the 5'-and 105 nucleotides of the 3'-nontranslated regions.

Carp preproinsulin cDNA sequence and evolution of insulin genes.

The nucleic acid sequence of the preproinsulin cDNA of carp (Cyprinus carpio), cloned in the PstI-site of pBR322 (1), has been determined. The sequenced insert of 439 bp includes the complete coding information for carp preproinsulin (108 amino acids), 10 nucleotides of the 5'-and 105 nucleotides of the 3'-nontranslated regions. The nucleotide sequence confirms the previously established amino acid sequence of carp insulin (2) and determines those of the signal (21 aa 1) and C-peptide (35 aa 1).

Isolation and characterization of human liver mRNA.

Poly(A)-RNA isolated from human liver shows a predominant size in the 18 S region. It can be translated into a broad range of proteins up to molecular weights of more than 100 000 with predominant translation products in the 45 000-55 000 region. Full length cDNA has been transcribed and used for a complexity analysis of this mRNA giving a total sequence complexity of about 7 000 different mRNA species.

Cloning of carp preproinsulin cDNA in the bacterial plasmid pBR322.

The successful cloning of recombinants between cDNA from fractionated poly(A)+-RNA of Brockmann bodies of the carp and the plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli chi 1776 is reported. One of the recombinant clones has been identified as a preproinsulin-cDNA recombinant by the hybrid-arrest translation assay. Recombination was at the PstI site of pBR322; reconstitution of this site was by 3'-tailing of the vector with dGn.

Factors which influence CaC12 dependent transfection of lambda DNA in Escherichia coli K12 recipients.

This paper presents further parameters influencing the competence, the process of DNA uptake and the efficiency of plating of CaC12-treated E. coli D12 strains. We have found that the process of DNA uptake depends not only on the treatment of bacteria with a certain CaCl2-concentration but is also influenced considerably by a shift-down of the CaCl2-concentration in the reaction mixture.

In vivo and in vitro recombination of lambda DNA in CaC12 transfection.

Using CaCl2 mediated transfection with Lambda DNA fragments, in vitro joining by ligase and in vivo recombination with helper phage DNA are effective systems for generating artificial recombinants. Recombination efficiencies are 20--30% in the in vitro and in vivo recombination systems. At 30 to 37 degree C T4 ligase mainly joins natural cohesive alpha ends, while at 12 degrees C the EcoRI-generated termini are preferentially ligated to form biologically active molecules, if the cloning vector alpha 401 is used, which has only one EcoRI target.