Aneusomies of chromosomes 8 and Y detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization are prognostic markers for pathological stage C (pt3N0M0) prostate carcinoma.

In an attempt to identify new prognostic markers, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ploidy analysis of tumor tissue from patients with a targeted stage and histological grade of prostate carcinoma. We identified all 227 patients from the Mayo Clinic radical prostatectomy data base who had a high histological grade pathological stage C (pT3N0M0) tumor removed between 1966 and 1987. After histological review of the paraffin-embedded specimen blocks, 181 cases were suitable for FISH analysis using chromosome enumeration probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 12, X, and Y.

Force, development, and neoplasia: development from another perspective as illustrated through a study of in vitro plant development from neoplasm.

Differentiation from the neoplastic state can be a dynamic adaptation to the localized stress of increasing cohesive forces in tissue. Repulsive forces, occurring within and between cells, are seen as leading to de-differentiation into the neoplastic state or neoplasm. During early development, especially where and when mitosis occurs frequently, cohesive and repulsive forces may necessarily coexist in oscillating degrees.

International comparison of the community prevalence of symptoms of prostatism in four countries.

We conducted an international comparison of the prevalence of urinary symptoms of prostatism in 4 countries, using a community-based random sampling of subjects, similar study procedures, and a single definition of cases that was based on a standardized symptom questionnaire. In Scotland 1,994 medically eligible men aged 40-79 years agreed to participate from 3 communities of the Forth Valley. In France, a nation-wide survey was conducted cross-sectionally in a representative sample of 2,011 French men aged 50-84 years.

Mechanistic constraints on diversity in human V(D)J recombination.

We have analyzed a large collection of coding junctions generated in human cells. From this analysis, we infer the following about nucleotide processing at coding joints in human cells. First, the pattern of nucleotide loss from coding ends is influenced by the base composition of the coding end sequences.

RNA:DNA complex formation upon transcription of immunoglobulin switch regions: implications for the mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination.

Central the regulation and mechanism of class switch recombination is the understanding of the relationship between transcription and DNA recombination. We demonstrated previously, using mini-chromosome substrates, that physiologically oriented transcription is required for recombination to occur between switch regions. In this report, we demonstrate the formation of an RNA:DNA complex under in vitro transcription conditions for these same and other switch DNA fragments.

Human DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK) is homologous to phosphatidylinositol kinases.

DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that interacts with a DNA end-binding heterodimeric protein, Ku, and is activated by double-stranded DNA. Genomic clones that contain the DNA-PK gene complement the murine scid defect, indicating that DNA-PK affects double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Here we describe the cDNA sequence of the region that corresponds to about 100 kDa of C-terminal sequence of this large (> p350 kDa) protein.

Chromosomal anomalies in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The pathogenetic relationship between high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), prostatic carcinoma, and metastases is poorly understood. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 12, and Y to evaluate numeric chromosomal anomalies in PIN (68 foci), localized prostatic carcinoma (78 foci), and lymph node metastases (8 foci) in 40 whole-mount radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. Chromosomal anomalies were found in 50, 51, and 100% of the foci of PIN, carcinoma, and metastases, respectively.

Incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis in the eras before and after serum prostate-specific antigen testing.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of prostate cancer in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1983 through 1992 to describe the secular changes that have occurred since the introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to the community medical practice in 1987.

Design: Population-based, descriptive epidemiological study with ecological and individual level comparisons over time.

Study Setting: Olmsted County, Minnesota, where the Rochester Epidemiology Project provides passive surveillance of the population for health outcomes.

Association between family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms: results of a population-based study.

Baseline measurements for a population-based prospective cohort study were used to assess the association between family history of enlarged prostate and urinary symptoms. Between December 1989 and March 1991, a group of randomly selected men aged 40-79 years from Olmsted County, Minnesota, was administered a previously validated questionnaire that included questions with wording close to that of the American Urological Association's Symptom Index. A detailed family history of an enlarged prostate was obtained by personal interview, and peak urinary flow rates were measured for each participant.

Sexual function of men ages 40 to 79 years: the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status Among Men.

Objectives: Knowledge of male sexual function is somewhat limited because of a lack of current population-based data. This study provides information on sexual function and satisfaction in a population-based sample of men.

Methods: Men aged 40 to 79 years (n = 2115) were selected randomly from the Olmsted County population for the baseline component of a prospective cohort study (the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status Among Men) during 1989-1990.

Lagging strand DNA synthesis at the eukaryotic replication fork involves binding and stimulation of FEN-1 by proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

The 5'-->3'-exonuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I is required for the completion of lagging strand DNA synthesis, and yet this domain is not present in any of the eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Recently, the gene encoding the functional and evolutionary equivalent of this 5'-->3'-exonuclease domain has been identified. It is called FEN-1 in mouse and human cells and RTH1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Frequent loss of heterozygosity at 7q31.1 in primary prostate cancer is associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression.

Cytogenetic analyses have demonstrated that chromosome region 7q22-32 is commonly altered in prostate adenocarcinomas. In addition, in recent fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, we have observed that aneusomy of chromosome 7 is frequent in prostate cancer and is associated with higher tumor grade, advanced pathological stage, and early prostate cancer death. These findings suggest that genetic alterations of chromosome 7 play a significant role in the development of prostate cancer.

Does the mode of questionnaire administration affect the reporting of urinary symptoms?

Objectives: To assess the effect of modes of administration (self-administered questionnaires, oral face-to-face interview, and telephone interview) on responses to the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI) in randomly selected community men.

Methods: An age-stratified random sample of 475 white male residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 40 to 79 years, without prior prostate surgery or prostate cancer were queried about urinary symptom frequency twice at baseline and twice approximately 2 years later using questions with wording similar to the AUASI: At baseline and first follow-up, questionnaires were self-administered initially, followed by a structured interview by a female urology nurse within 2 to 28 weeks. A subset of 200 randomly selected men received a telephone interview by a female research assistant following the self-administered questionnaire given at a second follow-up approximately 4 years after baseline.

Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: clinicopathological features of 50 cases.

Purpose: We review the clinicopathological features of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Cases were identified by reviewing the histology of all renal neoplasms resected between 1977 and 1990. Clinical data were obtained by chart review.

Influence of DNA ploidy and adjuvant treatment on progression and survival in patients with pathologic stage T3 (PT3) prostate cancer after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Objectives: To determine whether adjuvant treatment (AT: hormonal or radiation) affects outcome in pathologic Stage T3 (pT3) prostate cancer when analyzed according to DNA ploidy.

Methods: The predictive value of nuclear DNA ploidy and AT on clinical and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression and on overall and cause-specific survival after radical retropubic prostatectomy was assessed in 894 patients with pT3 prostate cancer.

Results: Mean follow-up was 6.

Prevalence of prostatism in Japanese men in a community-based study with comparison to a similar American study.

Purpose: We estimate the prevalence of urinary symptoms in Japanese men.

Materials And Methods: A total of 289 eligible residents 40 to 79 years old completed a questionnaire with questions worded similarly to those of the international prostate symptom score (response rate 42%).

Results: The ratio of moderate-to-severe symptoms was 41%, 29%, 31% and 56% for each age decade from ages 40 to 79 years, respectively, after adjusting for nonresponse.

Strand specificity in the transcriptional targeting of recombination at immunoglobulin switch sequences.

B-lymphocyte-specific class switch recombination is known to occur between pairs of 2- to 10-kb switch regions located immediately upstream of the immunoglobulin constant heavy-chain genes. Others have shown that the recombination is temporally correlated with the induction of transcription at the targeted switch regions. To determine whether this temporal correlation is due to a mechanistic linkage, we have developed an extrachromosomal recombination assay that closely recapitulates DNA deletional class switch recombination.

Morbidity of contemporary radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.

Complication rates in 1,000 consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer between November 1989 and January 1992 were assessed and compared to complication rates in a historical group of patients operated on by primarily the same surgeons prior to 1987. In the contemporary series, there were no operative deaths, only 22% of patients required blood transfusion, and only six (0.6%) patients suffered rectal injuries.

Natural history of prostatism: relationship among symptoms, prostate volume and peak urinary flow rate.

We describe relationships among symptoms, prostate volume and peak urinary flow rate in an age stratified, community based random sample of white men 40 to 79 years old with no prior prostate surgery, prostate cancer or other conditions known to interfere with voiding. Symptoms were assessed with an instrument comparable to the American Urological Association symptom index. Prostate volume was estimated by transrectal ultrasonography and peak urinary flow rate was measured by a portable device.

The scid factor on human chromosome 8 restores V(D)J recombination in addition to double-strand break repair.

The murine severe combined immune deficiency mutation (scid) is characterized by a lack of B- and T-lymphoid cells due to a defect in lymphoid V(D)J recombination. Moreover, defective rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) in scid cells also results in a marked increase in sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Recently, the putative human homologue of the murine scid gene locus, HYRC1, was assigned to human chromosome 8q11, based on the radiation sensitivity of scid cells as compared to scid:human cell hybrids carrying portions of human chromosome 8.