Empagliflozin's role in early tubular protection for type 2 diabetes patients.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes often face early tubular injury, necessitating effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on early tubular injury biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical study comprising 54 patients selected based on specific criteria was conducted.

Assessing early tubular protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin against type 2 diabetes mellitus using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Aims: To observe the alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients undergoing SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin treatment and investigate the early tubular protective effects of the inhibitor.

Methods: This study was performed in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (UACR < 30 mg/g, eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m).

Correlation Between Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Renal Tubular Injury Markers in Early Assessment Of Renal Tubular Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Both functional magnetic resonance imaging and renal tubular injury markers have been proved to be able to detect early renal damage in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients. This study mainly explored the functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters and renal tubular injury markers in the early evaluation of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A case observation study was established, and 62 patients with early-stage low-risk type 2 diabetes mellitus with normoalbuminuric (UACR<30 mg/g, eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.

Relationship of liver fat content with systemic metabolism and chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study investigated the correlation of liver fat content (LFC) with metabolic characteristics and its association with chronic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: Eighty-one prospectively enrolled T2DM patients were divided into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group and the non-NAFLD group according to the presence of NAFL complications. LFC was determined by MRI IDEAL-IQ Sequence, and patients were divided into 4 groups according to LFC by quartile method.

Effectiveness and Practicality of eKTANG as a Digital Treatment for Diabetes and Relevant Influence Factors.

Background: This work explored the effect of eKTANG, a new healthcare mode for diabetes patients, on diabetes management.

Methods: Allowing general utilization of medical service and health management based on Internet, eKTANG obtained the precise data like blood glucose and blood pressure examined by an intelligent glucometer, from which doctors and the nursing team will promptly analyze the data and return feedback to the patients. In our study, overall 204 patients receiving eKTANG management over 3 months in First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from May 2019 to Aug 2020 were enrolled as the research objects, with data collected from patient records.

Rab35 regulates insulin secretion via phogrin in pancreatic β cells.

Dysfunction of pancreatic β cell insulin secretion is related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Rab proteins have been shown to be key players in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells, and phogrin is a marker for the processes of exocytosis and insulin secretion. The purposes of this study were to clarify the regulatory role of Rab35 in insulin secretion and analyse the Rab35/phogrin interaction mechanism in β-TC-6 cells.

miR-720 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Targeting Rab35.

miRNAs pose a good prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study is aimed at investigating whether miR-720 targets Rab35 to regulate insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and its molecular mechanism and the clinical value of miR-720 as a specific biomarker of T2D. Fifty-five samples of new diagnosis T2D patients and normal control were collected.

Self-Amplification of Coherent Energy Modulation in Seeded Free-Electron Lasers.

The spectroscopic techniques for time-resolved fine analysis of matter require coherent x-ray radiation with femtosecond duration and high average brightness. Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs), which use the frequency up-conversion of an external seed laser to improve temporal coherence, are ideal for providing fully coherent soft x-ray pulses. However, it is difficult to operate seeded FELs at a high repetition rate due to the limitations of present state-of-the-art laser systems.

Variations in Irisin, Bone Mineral Density, Bone Mineral Content, and Body Composition After Laparoscopic Bariatric Procedures in Obese Adults.

Introduction: This study was aimed to assess irisin levels in obesity (OB) and T2DM individuals and investigate the dynamic changes of irisin, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content, and body composition in 19 OB patients after laparoscopic bariatric procedures, and also to evaluate the correlation of irisin, with BMD and body composition.

Methods: Forty-five OB, 20 T2DM, and 20 healthy adults had been recruited. Levels of irisin were measured in all subjects.

Slippage boosted spectral cleaning in a seeded free-electron laser.

The realization of fully coherent light sources at extreme ultraviolet to x-ray region has been a long-standing challenge for laser technologies. While modern single pass free-electron lasers (FELs) hold the ability to produce very intense x-ray radiation on few-femtosecond timescale, the output radiation pulses usually have noisy spectra and limited temporal coherence since the amplification starts from electron noise. A promising way for producing stable transform-limited pulses is based on the harmonic up-conversion techniques with a conventional laser as the seed.

Elevated RBP4 plasma levels were associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been postulated to play a role in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in human and animal studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of RBP4 in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Plasma RBP4 concentrations were tested in 287 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) at 3.0 T: evaluation of early renal function changes in type 2 diabetic patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM DWI) parameters in identifying early renal function changes in diabetics.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy control subjects underwent multiple b value DWI. The diabetic patients were stratified into two groups based on albuminuria category: NAU (normal to mildly increased albuminuria; ACR < 30 mg/g) and MAU (moderately increased albuminuria; 30 ≤ ACR < 300 mg/g).

Analysis of islet beta cell functions and their correlations with liver dysfunction in patients with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD).

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) primarily manifests in neonates or infants with hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, and hypoglycemia. This study investigated the functions of islet beta cells and their correlations with liver dysfunction in NICCD patients.We retrospectively analyzed clinical data on liver function and islet beta cell functions for 36 patients diagnosed with NICCD and 50 subjects as the control group.

Blood glucose and insulin and correlation of SLC25A13 mutations with biochemical changes in NICCD patients.

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is a hereditary metabolic disease arising from biallelic mutations of SLC25A13. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and C-peptide (C-P) levels in NICCD infants, analyze their SLC25A13 genetic mutations and further discuss the correlation between SLC25A13 genetic mutations and biochemical changes. Seventy-two cases of infants with cholestasis disease were gathered.

Experimental demonstration of longitudinal beam phase-space linearizer in a free-electron laser facility by corrugated structures.

Removal of the undesired time-energy correlations in the electron beam is of paramount importance for efficient lasing of a high-gain free-electron laser. Recently, it has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the longitudinal wakefield excited by the electrons themselves in a corrugated structure allows for precise control of the electron beam phase space. In this Letter, we report the first utilization of a corrugated structure as a beam linearizer in the operation of a seeded free-electron laser driven by a 140 MeV linear accelerator, where a gain of ∼10 000 over spontaneous emission was achieved at the second harmonic of the 1047 nm seed laser, and a free-electron laser bandwidth narrowing by 50% was observed, in good agreement with the theoretical expectations.

[Clinical features and COMP gene mutation in a family with a pseudoachondroplasia child].

This study aimed to report the clinical characteristics and COMP gene mutation of a family with pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a relatively rare spinal and epiphyseal dysplasia that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Clinical information on a 5-year-2-month-old PSACH child and his parents was collected and analyzed. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing of all the 19 exons and their flanking sequences of COMP gene, and the mutation was further ascertained by cloning analysis of exon 10.

Urinary Smad1 is a new biomarker for diagnosis and evaluating the severity of diabetic nephropathy.

The aim of this study was to analyze urinary Smad1 level in patients with type 2 diabetes, explore the possibility of Smad1 being a biomarker for early diagnosis and evaluation of severity of diabetic nephropathy, and explore the impact factors affecting urinary Smad1 concentration. In this study, 132 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Subjects were grouped according to urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) into: normal albumin in urine (NAU), low albumin in urine (LAU), high albumin in urine (HAU), and very high albumin in urine (VHAU).

Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be involved with the maturation, but not the differentiation, of insulin-producing cells.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling (WNT) has widespread roles during stem cell differentiation. Whether WNT suppresses or promotes insulin-producing cell (IPC) differentiation and function is still not known. In this study, we investigated the role of WNT signaling during human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) differentiation into IPCs.

Constant or fluctuating hyperglycemias increases cytomembrane stiffness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture: roles of cytoskeletal rearrangement and nitric oxide synthesis.

Background: Previous studies have implicated continuous or intermittent hyperglycemia in altered endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. NO can regulate both the F-actin cytoskeleton and endothelial cell membrane stiffness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool that can be used to study plasma membrane deformability at the single cell level.

GLP-1 could improve the similarity of IPCs and pancreatic beta cells in cellular ultrastructure and function.

Transplantation of functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) provides a novel mode for insulin replacement, but is often accompanied by many undesirable side effects. Our previous studies suggested that IPCs could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells. To obtain a better method through which to acquire more similar IPCs, we compared the difference between IPCs of the GLP-1 group and IPCs of the non-GLP-1 group in the morphological features in cellular level and physiological function.

Quality of life and emotional change for middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: To evaluate the SF-36, Diabetes Specificity Quality of Life Scale (DSQL) and anxiety and depression symptoms and investigate its changes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by vitrectomy interventions.

Methods: The present study included 108 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients: 54 with PDR and 54 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Each healthy control group (n=54) sociodemographically matched to DR groups was established respectively.

Insulin-producing cells could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the difference between insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and normal human pancreatic beta cells both in physiological function and morphological features in cellular level.

Methods: The levels of insulin secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The insulin gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Insulin-producing cells from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells detected by atomic force microscope.

We successfully differentiated human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in vitro and did not use any insulin which might be absorbed by cells during in vitro culture. Expression of insulin gene was massively increased by 28,000-fold at day 12 compared with haMSCs (P < 0.05).

[A technical approach to endothelial dysfunction by atomic force microscope].

Endothelial cells (ECs) with a variety of functions are vulnerable to attack by various risk factors. These risk factors of vascular pathology lead to endothelial dysfunction (ED). However, the present methods of evaluating ED have their limitations.

[Analysis of the factors related to glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes without albuminuria].

Objective: To analyze the risk factors affecting the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria.

Methods: A total of 131 type 2 diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were divided into normal GFR group and decreased GFR group. The factors relevant to GFR were analyzed by multiple factors regression.