Presence of retinopathy and incident kidney and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes with normoalbuminuria - A post-hoc analysis of the PRIORITY randomized clinical trial.

Aims: Baseline diabetic retinopathy (DR) and risk of development of microalbuminuria, kidney function decline, and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of the PRIORITY study including 1758 persons with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria followed for a median of 2.5 (IQR: 2.

[What are the blood pressure targets for patients with chronic kidney disease?].

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain the main reason for mortality and morbidity among patients with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension represents one of their risk factor. Despite the lack of definitive evidence that intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering improves kidney function outcomes, we agree with the recommendation of target BP.

Early detection of diabetic kidney disease by urinary proteomics and subsequent intervention with spironolactone to delay progression (PRIORITY): a prospective observational study and embedded randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Microalbuminuria is an early sign of kidney disease in people with diabetes and indicates increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We tested whether a urinary proteomic risk classifier (CKD273) score was associated with development of microalbuminuria and whether progression to microalbuminuria could be prevented with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone.

Methods: In this multicentre, prospective, observational study with embedded randomised controlled trial (PRIORITY), we recruited people with type 2 diabetes, normal urinary albumin excretion, and preserved renal function from 15 specialist centres in ten European countries.