Management of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients: current treatment options, challenges and future directions.

Diarrhea is a common clinical manifestation of HIV infection regardless of whether the patients have AIDS. HIV and malnutrition tend to occur in the same populations, the underprivileged and resource-poor. Malnutrition increases severity and mortality of infection.

The effect of starch material, encapsulated protein and production conditions on the protein release from starch microspheres.

The present study describes the preparation of 11 batches of starch microspheres for drug delivery. Parameters such as the type of starch material, the type of protein, and the incubation time of the process were varied, and the obtained microspheres differed in yield, encapsulation efficiency and physical properties. The crystalline/ordered structure (obtained through X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), the microscopic appearance and the surface morphology (viewed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) were found to differ between the batches depending on the starch type, encapsulated protein and incubation conditions that were employed.

ColoPlus, a new product based on bovine colostrum, alleviates HIV-associated diarrhoea.

Objective: HIV-associated diarrhoea occurs in nearly all patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the developing countries. Diarrhoea is caused by the HIV-related immune dysfunction and is pivotal in the decrease of the helper T-cell (CD4 + ) population. Enteric pathogens in HIV-associated diarrhoea are, for example, Cryptosporidium, Amoeba and Campylobacter species.