Xylanase Production by Valuing Agroindustrial Byproducts.

In general, agroindustrial byproducts can be easily assimilated by several microorganisms due to their composition, which is rich in carbohydrates. Therefore, they could be appropriate for use as raw materials in a sustainable refinery concept, including the production of hydrolytic enzymes with industrial applicability. In this work, xylanase production by the filamentous fungi in submerged culture was evaluated using five agroindustrial byproducts, namely, wheat bran, citrus pulp, rice bran, peanut skin, and peanut shell.

Role of surfactant headgroups on the toxicity of SLES-LAS mixed micelles: A case study using microtox test.

Mixtures containing ether sulfate based surfactants (SLES) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) are relatively common in personal care and household products. When in mixture, they form mixed micelles, which act as reservoirs for the cleaning process. The increase of ethylene oxide (EO) units in the head of SLES lowers the critical micelle concentration, meaning that less quantity of each surfactant is needed to form the micelles.

Biomarkers of endocrine disruption in juveniles and females of the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps.

The presence of endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic compartments, including estuaries, has been object of major concern. However, the effects of EDCs on autochthonous estuarine fish species are far less known than in freshwater fish. Therefore, the response of biomarkers in the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps was evaluated after 21-days of exposure to different EDCs: 17β-estradiol (E2); PCB-77 and p,p'DDE.