In Situ Visualization of Particle Motions during Wipe Sampling of Explosives and Other Trace Particulate Materials.

Surface texture tailoring has the potential to increase the effectiveness of dry particle collection wipes, as a wipe's topographical features control the intimate surface contact made with particles on the substrate (critical for van der Waals-governed adhesion). However, texture-tailoring approaches have not yet been widely explored, in part because of a lack of understanding of the specific wipe topographies and wipe/particle interactions that maximize particle collection. Here we describe an in situ optical microscopy technique that enables direct observation of micrometer-scale particle-wipe interactions occurring at the wipe-substrate interface during contact sampling.

Intra-operative cell salvage in urological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Objective: To evaluate systematically the safety and efficacy of intra-operative cell salvage (ICS) in urology.

Methods: A search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library to August 2017 was performed using methods pre-published on PROSPERO. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines.

Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient ratio on 3.0 T MRI with prostate cancer Gleason score.

Introduction: The purpose was to investigate the usefulness of ADC on Diffusion MRI to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions of Prostate.

Methods: Images of patients who underwent in-gantry MRI guided prostate lesion biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Prostate Cancers with 20% or more Gleason score (GS) pattern 3 + 3 = 6 in each core or any volume of higher Gleason score pattern were included.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare but benign clinical entity. Its ability to mimic malignancy poses a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report the first case in Australia, of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the bladder in a 40-year-old male, removed via transurethral resection.

mp-MRI Prostate Characterised PIRADS 3 Lesions are Associated with a Low Risk of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer - A Retrospective Review of 92 Biopsied PIRADS 3 Lesions.

Objective: To determine whether prostate image reporting and data system (PIRADS) 3 lesions as assessed by a 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent clinically significant prostate cancer.

Method: A retrospective review was performed on a series of consecutive patients who underwent MRI guided biopsy of the prostate for clinical suspicion of prostate cancer between January 2013 and March 2014. Demographic, clinical, MRI and biopsy data were reviewed and compared.

Incidental Finding of a Rare Urachal Pathology: Urachal Mucinous Cystic Tumour of Low Malignant Potential.

Urachal mucinous cystic tumours are rare pathological findings with only 23 previously reported cases in the literature. We present the case of a 54-year-old man with an incidentally found urachal mucinous cystic tumour laparoscopically excised. With its known potential to cause pseudomyxoma peritonei, complete surgical excision is important.

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: a potential mimic of conventional clear cell renal carcinoma on core biopsy.

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCP-RCC) is a recently described, relatively uncommon variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a reported incidence of 4.1%. Thought to only arise in those with end stage renal disease, CCP-RCC is increasingly identified in those without renal impairment.

Thermomechanical model to assess stresses developed during elevated-temperature cleaning of coated optics.

A thermomechanical model is developed to estimate the stress response of an oxide coating to elevated-temperature chemical cleaning. Using a hafnia-silica multilayer dielectric pulse compressor grating as a case study, we demonstrate that substrate thickness can strongly affect the thermal stress response of the thin-film coating. As a result, coatings on large, thick substrates may be susceptible to modes of stress-induced failure (crazing or delamination) not seen in small parts.

Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: Comparison of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with and without Antithrombotic Therapy.

Objective: To compare the immediate postoperative outcomes of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP) with and without full anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy at the time of surgery.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed on a series of consecutive patients undergoing HOLEP at our institution by a single surgeon from February 2004 to September 2010. Demographic, surgical, pathological and outcome data were collected.

Fracture mechanics of delamination defects in multilayer dielectric coatings.

During the fabrication of multilayer-dielectric (MLD) thin-film-coated optics, such as the diffraction gratings used in OMEGA EP's pulse compressors, acid piranha cleaning can lead to the formation of chemically induced delamination defects. We investigate the causes of these defects and describe a mechanism for the deformation and failure of the MLD coating in response to hydrogen peroxide in the cleaning solution. A fracture mechanics model is developed and used to calculate the crack path that maximizes the energy-release rate, which is found to be consistent with the characteristic fracture pattern observed in MLD coating delamination defects.

Nuclear localisation of the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in invasive trophoblasts and an association with recurrent miscarriage.

Endocannabinoids are lipid signalling molecules that are related to the major psychoactive component in marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and are increasingly recognized as being important in implantation and development of early embryos. The endocannabinoid anandamide, is metabolized by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and insufficient levels of this enzyme have been implicated in spontaneous miscarriage in women and implantation failure in mice. We screened placental bed biopsies and placental tissue from 45 women with recurrent miscarriage and 17 gestation-matched women with normal pregnancies for the expression of FAAH by immunohistochemistry.

Laparoscopic cervical cerclage: a series in women with a history of second trimester miscarriage.

We sought to develop a laparoscopic technique for placement of a cervical cerclage in women with a history of failed vaginal cerclage and recurrent miscarriage. This was a case series, design classification III. The study took place at The Recurrent Miscarriage Clinic at National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Comparison of the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and HLA-E in women with normal pregnancy and those with recurrent miscarriage.

Recurrent miscarriage affects 1% of all couples attempting pregnancy. Immunological factors are postulated to play a role in the aetiology of recurrent miscarriage because the fetus and placenta are immunologically different from the mother. In particular, altered expression of the, non-classical, class I histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules has been postulated to play a role in the aetiology of recurrent miscarriage as the fetus and placenta are semi-allogenic to the mother.

CD83(+)dendritic cells in the decidua of women with recurrent miscarriage and normal pregnancy.

Immunological factors have been postulated to play a role in the aetiology of recurrent miscarriage as the fetus and placenta are semi-allogenic to the mother. Potent immunostimulatory (CD83(+)) dendritic cells have recently been identified in the uterine decidua. This study was conducted to examine whether decidual dendritic cells could play a role in the aetiology of recurrent miscarriage.

Does aspirin have a role in improving pregnancy outcome for women with the antiphospholipid syndrome? A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This pilot investigation was undertaken to assess the efficacy of low-dose aspirin therapy for the treatment of women with antiphospholipid antibodies when recurrent miscarriage is the only sequela.

Study Design: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in the setting of the recurrent miscarriage clinic of a tertiary referral obstetric hospital. The participants were 50 women with a history of recurrent miscarriages (>/=3) and antiphospholipid antibodies.

Recurrent miscarriage: screening for polycystic ovaries and subsequent pregnancy outcome.

A population of women with a history of recurrent miscarriage were screened for polycystic ovaries (PCO) by an ultrasound, LH, FSH, free testosterone in the follicular phase, then luteal phase progesterone and body mass index (BMI). Twenty six of the 73 women screened (36%) had an ultrasound demonstrating PCO; of these 21 (81%) became pregnant and 17 were given supportive and observational care only. The miscarriage rate was 18% with 14 (82%) having livebirths.

Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin and immunoreactive inhibin in early pregnancy and recurrent miscarriage: a longitudinal study.

Serum concentrations of immunoreactive inhibin (ir-inhibin) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) have been measured during the first trimester in a longitudinal study of pregnant women attending a recurrent miscarriage clinic. In 30 singleton pregnancies (Group 1) that continued successfully to term, the median concentration of ir-inhibin initially declined from 1,140 pg/mL at week 4-5 then rose back to comparable values between weeks 7 and 10 but to decline again to reach the significantly lower level of 840 pg/mL (p < 0.01) at week 15-16.

Recurrent miscarriage--outcome after supportive care in early pregnancy.

One hundred and thirty three couples were investigated at a recurrent miscarriage clinic. In their next pregnancy 42 women (Group 1) with unexplained recurrent miscarriage were managed with a programme of formal emotional support and close supervision at an early pregnancy clinic. Two women were seen in 2 pregnancies (44 supervised pregnancies); 86% (38 of 44) of these pregnancies were successful.