Differences in primary metabolism related to quality of raspberry ( L.) fruit under open field and protected soilless culture growing conditions.

Introduction: The raspberry () fruit is characterized by good taste and high acceptability by consumers. Thus, the impact on the quality attributes and metabolites related to raspberry taste should be evaluated in crop alternatives such as the protected soilless culture. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic changes during fruit development and postharvest of raspberry grown in open field and protected soilless culture and their relationship with quality parameters and sensory perception.

Abscisic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during the Ripening of Raspberry ( 'Heritage') Fruit.

The raspberry ( L.) fruit is characterized by its richness in functional molecules and high nutritional value, but the high rate of fruit softening limits its quality during postharvest. Raspberry drupelets have a particular ripening regulation, depending partially on the effect of ethylene produced from the receptacle.

Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction of a raspberry polygalacturonase (RiPG) with a PG inhibiting protein (RiPGIP) isolated from ripening raspberry (Rubus idaeus cv. Heritage) fruit as a model to understand proteins interaction during fruit softening.

Polygalacturonase (PG) is an important hydrolytic enzyme involved in pectin disassembly and the subsequent textural changes during fruit ripening. Although the interaction of fungal PGs with other proteins has been documented, the interaction of plant PGs with other plant proteins has not yet been studied. In this study, the molecular mechanisms involved in raspberry fruit ripening, particularly the polygalacturonase (RiPG) interaction with polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (RiPGIP) and substrate, were investigated with a structural approach.

Antioxidant and Fatty Acid Changes in Pomegranate Peel With Induced Chilling Injury and Browning by Ethylene During Long Storage Times.

Pomegranate () is a non-climacteric fruit with a high antioxidant content in arils and peels, of which 92% are anthocyanins and tannins. However, it is susceptible to chilling injury (CI), a physiological disorder concentrated in the peel, which can affect the organoleptic quality of the fruit. To understand the effects of modified atmosphere and ethylene in responses to stress on the antioxidant quality of the fruit and composition of fatty acids in the peel under CI conditions, the exogenous ethylene treatments (0.

Characterization of Fruit Development, Antioxidant Capacity, and Potential Vasoprotective Action of Peumo (), a Native Fruit of Chile.

The peumo () is a native fruit from central Chile that belongs to the Lauraceae family. To characterize the development and the potential health benefits of this edible fruit, quality and physiological parameters, along with antioxidant capacity, were evaluated during three clearly defined developmental stages of the fruit in two seasons. The most distinguishable attributes of ripe fruit were the change in size and color.

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Two Native Fruits of Chile: Arrayan () and Peumo ().

Arrayan and peumo fruits are commonly used in the traditional medicine of Chile. In this study, the concentration of the extracts halving the bacterial viability and biofilms formation and disruption of the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of and was determined. The chemical composition of extracts was analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/MS).

Methyl Jasmonate Applications From Flowering to Ripe Fruit Stages of Strawberry ( × 'Camarosa') Reinforce the Fruit Antioxidant Response at Post-harvest.

Preharvest applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) have been shown to improve post-harvest fruit quality in strawberry fruit. However, the effectiveness of consecutive field applications at different phenological stages on the reinforcement of the antioxidant capacity remains to be analyzed. To determine the best antioxidant response of strawberry ( × 'Camarosa') fruit to different numbers and timing of MeJA applications, we performed three differential preharvest treatments (M1, M2, and M3) consisted of successive field applications of 250 μmol L MeJA at flowering (M3), large green (M2 and M3), and ripe fruit stages (M1, M2, and M3).

A Review of Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation Induced by Phytochemicals in Isolated Rat Aorta.

This review discusses the contribution of the use of the isolated rat aorta (IRA) as a model for the evaluation of extracts and metabolites produced by plants with a vasodilator effect in animals. This model continues to be a valuable approach for the search and development of new phytochemicals consumed as medicinal plants or foods. In most cases, the sources of phytochemicals have been used in folk medicine to treat ailments that include hypertension.

Patagonian Berries: Healthy Potential and the Path to Becoming Functional Foods.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying food and its derived ingredients that can provide beneficial effects for human health. These studies are helping to understand the bases of the ancestral use of several natural products, including native fruits as functional foods. As a result, the polyphenol profile and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained from different Patagonian native berries have been described.

Dataset on quality and physiological changes of raspberry fruit during their development and under auxin assay.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Expression of two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase (GH3) genes during fruit development of raspberry ( Heritage)" (Bernales et al., In press). This data article describes the relation of all size variables between them and with the weight showing an increasing trend between length and weight and an inverse relation of fruit firmness and ethylene production during development.

Effects of ethrel, 1-MCP and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of 'Wonderful' pomegranates during cold storage.

Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a non-climacteric fruit susceptible to chilling injury (CI) at temperatures below 5 °C. To understand the influences of ethylene and modified atmosphere on CI physiological disorders of pomegranate, exogenous ethrel (0.5, 1 and 1.

Characterization of fruit development and potential health benefits of arrayan (Luma apiculata), a native berry of South America.

The arrayan berry (Luma apiculata) is a native fruit from South America that belongs to the Myrtaceae family. To elucidate and characterize the developmental process and the potential health benefits of this edible fruit, quality and physiological parameters, along with antioxidant capacity, were evaluated during four clearly defined developmental stages of the fruit in two seasons. Fruit firmness slowly decreases during fruit development, whereas the solid soluble content/titratable acidity ratio (SSC/TA) increases significantly in the final stages of development.

Differential expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes in drupelets and receptacle of raspberry (Rubus idaeus).

Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is traditionally classified as non-climacteric, and the role of ethylene in fruit ripening is not clear. The available information indicates that the receptacle, a modified stem that supports the drupelets, is involved in ethylene production of ripe fruits. In this study, we report receptacle-related ethylene biosynthesis during the ripening of fruits of cv.

Structural characterization and substrate specificity of VpAAT1 protein related to ester biosynthesis in mountain papaya fruit.

The aroma in fruits is an important attribute of quality that influences consumer's acceptance. This attribute is a complex character determined by a set of low molecular weight volatile compounds. In mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens) the aroma is determined mainly by esters, which are produced through an esterification reaction catalyzed by the enzyme alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) that utilizes alcohols and acyl-CoAs as substrates.

VpAAT1, a gene encoding an alcohol acyltransferase, is involved in ester biosynthesis during ripening of mountain papaya fruit.

Mountain papaya ( Vasconcellea pubescens ) is a climacteric fruit that develops a strong and characteristic aroma during ripening. Esters are the main volatile compounds produced by the fruit, and most of them are dependent on ethylene. As esters are synthesized through alcohol acyltransferases (AAT), a full-length cDNA (VpAAT1) was isolated that displayed the characteristic motifs of most plant acyltransferases.

Aroma development during ripening of Fragaria chiloensis fruit and participation of an alcohol acyltransferase (FcAAT1) gene.

Fragaria chiloensis is characterized for having great aroma and flavor properties. Using headspace-SPME different volatile compounds were identified and quantified during development and ripening of the fruit. The headspace was dominated by esters, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate being the most abundant in fully ripe fruit.

Vasopressin up-regulates the expression of growth-related immediate-early genes via two distinct EGF receptor transactivation pathways.

Activation of V(1a) receptor triggers the expression of growth-related immediate-early genes (IEGs), including c-Fos and Egr-1. We found that pre-treatment of rat vascular smooth muscle A-10 cell line with the EGF receptor inhibitor AG1478 or the over-expression of an EGFR dominant negative mutant (HEBCD533) blocked the vasopressin-induced expression of IEGs, suggesting that activation of these early genes mediated by V(1a) receptor is via transactivation of the EGF receptor. Importantly, the inhibition of the metalloproteinases, which catalyzed the shedding of the EGF receptor agonist HB-EGF, selectively blocked the vasopressin-induced expression c-Fos.

Identification and characterization of three novel cold acclimation-responsive genes from the extremophile hair grass Deschampsia antarctica Desv.

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. is the only monocot that thrives in the harsh conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula and represents an invaluable resource for the identification of genes associated with freezing tolerance. In order to identify genes regulated by low temperature, we have initiated a detailed analysis of its gene expression.