Unrecognized risk of perfluorooctane sulfonate in promoting conjugative transfers of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes.

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health crisis facing humanity, with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as a principal dissemination mechanism in the natural and clinical environments. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants of global concern due to their high persistence in the environment and adverse effects on humans. However, it is unknown whether PFASs affect the HGT of bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Uptake of the Plant Agriculture-Used Antibiotics Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin by Cherry Radish─Effect on Plant Microbiome and the Potential Health Risk.

Antibiotics are used to control certain bacterial diseases in plant agriculture. Understanding antibiotic uptake by edible vegetables after application and associated risks on plant microbiome and human health is critical. In this study, oxytetracycline and streptomycin, the two most commonly used antibiotics in plant agriculture, were applied to cherry radish via continuous soil drenching to study their translocations into plant tissues, influence on radish microbiome, and the potential health risk to mice.

Unraveling the influence of human fecal pollution on antibiotic resistance gene levels in different receiving water bodies using crAssphage indicator gene.

Discharged wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can contaminate receiving water bodies with human feces and alter the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, we examined the co-occurrence of ARGs, human fecal pollution indicator crAssphage, and antibiotics in human feces and a series of connected receiving water bodies affected by human feces, including water from different treatment units of a WWTP, river, lake, and tap waters. Results showed that crAssphage was detected in 68.

NaCl salinity enhances tetracycline bioavailability to Escherichia coli on agar surfaces.

Soil salinity is a worldwide problem and is damaging soil functions. Meanwhile, increasing amounts of anthropogenic antibiotics are discharged to agricultural soils. Little is known about how soil salinity (e.

Halide salts induced the photodegradation of a fat-burning compound 2, 4-dinitrophenol by iron-montmorillonite.

Natural montmorillonite clay and anthropogenic organic pollutants frequently coexist in the estuarine environment where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean. In this environment, the sharply changed aqueous chemistry especially salt content could significantly alter the photochemical behaviors of pollutants. However, this process was rarely investigated.

Correlation Between Tumor Location and Clinical Properties of Glioblastomas in Frontal and Temporal Lobes.

Background: Tumor location is a major prognostic factor in glioblastomas and may be associated with clinical properties. This study established and analyzed the correlation between tumor location and clinical properties of glioblastomas in frontal and temporal lobes.

Methods: This retrospective study determined the location of glioblastomas in the frontal lobe (FL) or temporal lobe (TL) based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Choice for the removal of bloody cerebrospinal fluid in postcoiling aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: external ventricular drainage or lumbar drainage?

Aim: External ventricular drainage (EVD) and lumbar drainage (LD) are the most widely used procedures for continued bloody cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Each has his own advantages and disadvantages. Here, we compared complications and clinical outcomes in patients with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade III aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who underwent coil placement followed by EVD or LD.

Analysis of related factors affecting prognosis of shunt surgery in patients with secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objective: The management of secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (sNPH) is controversial. Many factors may affect the surgery effect. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible factors influencing prognosis and provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of sNPH.

Influence of acute ethanol intoxication on neuronal apoptosis and Bcl-2 protein expression after severe traumatic brain injury in rats.

Objective: To study the influence and mechanism of acute ethanol intoxication (AEI) on rat neuronal apoptosis after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, AEI-only, TBI-only and TBI+AEI (n equal to 24 for each). Severe TBI model was developed according to Feeney's method.

Zero drift of intraventricular and subdural intracranial pressure monitoring systems.

Objective: To assess zero drift of intraventricular and subdural intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring systems.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients who received Codman ICP monitoring in the neurosurgical department from January 2010 to December 2011. According to the location of sensors, the patients were categorized into two groups: intraventricular group and subdural group.

Which side of lateral ventricles to choose during external ventricular drainage in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage: ipsilateral or contralateral?

Background: We attempted to investigate the effect of external ventricular drainage (EVD) plus intraventricular fibrinolysis from ipsilateral or contralateral ventricle on clinical outcomes in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Methods: We undertook a prospective controlled study. Patients with acute obstructive hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage were randomized to receive EVD from ipsilateral ventricle (ipsilateral group [IG]) or contralateral ventricle (contralateral group [CG]).

Application of ulinastatin in severe craniocerebral injuries.

Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect of ulinastatin on severe craniocerebral injuries and to explore its mechanism.

Methods: There were 87 cases of severe brain injury in this series and they were either treated by ulinastatin (treatment group, 41 cases) or not (control group, 46 cases) besides routine managements. We estimated C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, and endothelin from plasmas of all the cases on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after injury.