Enhancing the stability of krill oil through microencapsulation with endogenous krill protein and chitosan and application in senior milk powder.

Krill oil (KO) exhibits several biological actions, particularly providing distinct advantages for cognitive health in the aged. Nonetheless, its inadequate water solubility, pronounced flavor, and vulnerability to oxidative degradation restrict its utilization in the food sector. Encapsulation provides a solution, and the study of natural, suitable wall materials is crucial.

Extraction of high-quality Antarctic krill (Euphausia Superba) oil using low-temperature continuous phase-transition extraction equipment.

The aim of this study was to explore a processing method for efficient extraction of high-quality krill oil (KO) using a low-temperature continuous phase-transition extraction equipment (LCPE). The efficiency of lipid extraction and quality of KO and defatted krill meal (DKM) by LCPE were compared with those of supercritical CO and n-hexane extraction. Results showed that compared to other methods, extraction using LCPE had the highest lipid yield (21.

VBNC Cronobacter sakazakii survives in macrophages by resisting oxidative stress and evading recognition by macrophages.

Survival in host macrophages is an effective strategy for pathogenic bacterial transmission and pathogenesis. Our previous study found that viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Cronobacter Sakazakii (C. sakazakii) can survive in macrophages, but its survival mechanism is not clear.

Dietary saccharin sodium supplementation improves the production performance of dairy goats without residue in milk in summer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary saccharin sodium supplementation on production performance, serum biochemical indicators, and rumen fermentation of dairy goats in summer. Twelve Guanzhong dairy goats with similar body weight, days in milk, and milk yield were randomly divided into two dietary treatments: (1) CON: basal diet; (2) SS: basal diet + 150 mg/kg saccharin sodium on the basis of dry matter. The experiment lasted 35 d, including 7 d for adaptation and 28 d for dietary treatments, sampling and data collection.

In vitro simulated digestion and fermentation characteristics of pectic polysaccharides from fresh passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa L.) peel.

In this study, two pectic polysaccharides (PFP-T and PFP-UM) were extracted from fresh passion fruit peels using three-phase partitioning (TPP) and sequential ultrasound-microwave-assisted TPP methods, respectively, and their effects on the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation characteristics were examined. The results indicate that gastrointestinal digestion has a minimal effect on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of PFP-T and PFP-UM. However, during in vitro fecal fermentation, both undigested PFP-T and PFP-UM are significantly degraded and utilized by intestinal microorganisms, showing increased the total relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in the intestinal flora.

Contribution of lipid to the formation of characteristic volatile flavor of peanut oil.

Lipid is an important precursor for volatile flavor formation, but it is not clear how to study the reactions involved in forming key volatile flavor compounds in peanut oil. In this paper, we innovatively established a flavor research model to investigate the contribution of different chemical reactions to the aroma compounds of peanut oil. The results showed that lipid participation in thermal reactions is necessary for forming major aroma compounds in hot-pressed peanut oil.

Uncovering differences in the composition and function of phage communities and phage-bacterium interactions in raw soy sauce.

Introduction: Although the composition and succession of microbial communities in soy sauce fermentation have been well-characterized, the understanding of phage communities in soy sauce remains limited.

Methods: This study determined the diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted function of phage communities and the phage-host interactions in two types of raw soy sauce (Cantonese-type fermentation, NJ; Japanese-type fermentation, PJ) using shotgun metagenomics.

Results And Discussion: These two raw soy sauces showed differences in phage composition (121 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) in NJ and 387 vOTUs in PJ), with a higher abundance of the family (58.

The potential mechanisms of bergamot-derived dietary fiber alleviating high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in rats.

This study is aimed to investigate the health-associated benefits of bergamot-dietary fibers (DFs) with a special emphasis on weight loss and lipid-lowering effects, as well as the potential mechanisms involved. The feeding experiment of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 6 weeks showed that DFs had dose-dependent regulatory effects against metabolic syndrome and they controlled obesity by slowing down the rate of weight growth, and reduced body mass index (BMI) and Lee's index without affecting appetite. Furthermore, DFs inhibited increment in TG, TC, LDL-C levels and AI index caused by a high-fat diet, and improved the pathological abnormality of the liver.

Endobronchial mucormycosis: A rare clinical entity diagnosed by endobronchial cryobiopsy.

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. The rhino-cerebral form of mucormycosis is most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, whereas pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare manifestation in patients with hematological malignancy and transplant recipients. We report a case of a 40-year-old male, with history of poorly controlled diabetes, who presented to the emergency room with a one-week history of hemoptysis.

Survival of viable but nonculturable Cronobacter sakazakii in macrophages contributes to infections.

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), a pathogen that exists in dry and low-moisture environments, such as powder infant formula (PIF), can enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under harsh conditions, which enables it to escape traditional detection methods and thus poses a potential public health risk. This study aimed at assessing the virulent nature of VBNC C.

Quantitative detection of trace VBNC Cronobacter sakazakii by immunomagnetic separation in combination with PMAxx-ddPCR in dairy products.

One immunomagnetic separation (IMS) assay based on immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) has been evaluated as a potential pretreatment tool for the separation and enrichment of target bacteria. In this study, we successfully immobilized antibodies onto magnetic bead surfaces to form IMBs through biotin and a streptavidin (SA) system to capture viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) from dairy products.

Supplementation with soy isoflavones alleviates depression-like behaviour reshaping the gut microbiota structure.

Soy isoflavones (SI) are known for their beneficial effects in alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, while the mechanism of alleviation of depression-like behaviour by SI remains unclear. In this study, a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression rat model was used to determine the effect of SI in alleviating depression-like behaviour and its possible mechanisms. SI supplements significantly improved the CUMS-induced depression-like behaviour by increasing the monoamine neurotransmitter levels.

Isolation and identification of a human intestinal bacterium capable of daidzein conversion.

Equol, which produced from daidzein (one of the principal isoflavones), is recognized to be the most resultful in stimulating an estrogenic and antioxidant response. The daidzein transformation was studied during fermentation of five growth media inoculated with feces from a healthy human, and a daidzein conversion strain was isolated. To enrich the bacterial population involved in daidzein metabolism in a complex mixture, fecal samples were treated with antibiotics.

Development and application of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for quantification of Acetobacter aceti in red wine.

This study reports the development and optimization of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) method for rapid detection of Acetobacter aceti strain in red wine samples. Our results showed that the primers and probes designed for 16S rRNA were effective for A. aceti detection.

Spatial distribution, source identification, and risk assessment of organochlorines in wild tilapia from Guangxi, South China.

Seventy-five wild tilapia samples from six rivers (ten sites) in Guangxi province were collected and analyzed for 53 organochlorine compounds. DDTs, endosulfan, and PCBs were the most dominant compounds found in this study. Tiandong County (TD) and Guigang City (GG) sites were found to be heavily contaminated with high levels of endosulfan (385-925 ng/g lw) and/or DDTs (20.

Survival strategy of Cronobacter sakazakii against ampicillin pressure: Induction of the viable but nonculturable state.

In a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, bacteria are no longer culturable on standard laboratory media, but still, remain a pathogenic potential and present possible health risks. In this study, we investigated ampicillin's ability, which is commonly used in dairy cattle disease treatment, to induce Cronobacter sakazakii into the VBNC state. After treatment with ampicillin, the counts of culturable cells decreased from 10 CFU/mL to an undetected level 7-30 days post-treatment.

Colonization Potential to Reconstitute a Microbe Community in Pseudo Germ-Free Mice After Fecal Microbe Transplant From Equol Producer.

Human intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the conversion of isoflavones into equol. Usually, human microbiota-associated (HMA) animal models are used, since it is difficult to establish the mechanism and causal relationship between equol and microbiota in human studies. Currently, several groups have successfully established HMA animal models that produce equol through germ-free mice or rats; however, the HMA model of producing equol through pseudo germ-free mice has not been established.

Inhibitory mechanism of lactoferrin on antibacterial activity of oenothein B: isothermal titration calorimetry and computational docking simulation.

Background: Many foods contain proteins and polyphenols, but there is a poor understanding of the nature of the inhibitory effect of protein on the biologic activity of polyphenols. The inhibitory mechanism of the food protein lactoferrin on the antibacterial activity of oligomeric ellagitannin oenothein B (OeB) was investigated using fluorescence quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) measurement and molecular docking.

Results: The antibacterial activity of OeB against Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by lactoferrin, which was retained at about 60%.

Investigation on the Interaction Behavior Between Oenothein B and Pepsin by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and Spectral Studies.

Oenothein B (OeB) is a dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin isolated from Herbs and fruits that have a variety of biological activities. In order to better understand the effect of OeB on the activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin, interactions between OeB and pepsin were investigated in vitro under simulated physiological conditions based on enzyme inhibition studies, fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry, CD, and molecular docking. It was found OeB is an effective inhibitor of pepsin, likely acting in a reversible manner through both competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.

Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration With Optional Core Needle Biopsy of Head and Neck Lymph Nodes and Masses: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance in Treated Squamous Cell Cancer Versus All Other Lesions.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration with optional core needle biopsy of head and neck lymph nodes and masses, with attention to differences between biopsy of treated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and biopsy of other lesions.

Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and the need for consent was waived for this retrospective study. All 861 US-guided biopsies of head and neck lymph nodes and masses performed between March 1, 2012, and May 16, 2016, were reviewed.

Alternative splice variants of DCLK1 mark cancer stem cells, promote self-renewal and drug-resistance, and can be targeted to inhibit tumorigenesis in kidney cancer.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common and devastating disease characterized by a hypoxic microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and potent resistance to therapy evidencing the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Various CSC markers have been studied in RCC, but overall there is limited data on their role and most markers studied have been relatively nonspecific. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a validated CSC marker in the gastrointestinal tract and evidence for an equivalent role in other cancers is accumulating.

Transition from androgenic to neurosteroidal action of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol through the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in prostate cancer progression.

Androgen ablation is the standard of care prescribed to patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to slow down disease progression. Unfortunately, a majority of PCa patients under androgen ablation progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several mechanisms including alternative intra-prostatic androgen production and androgen-independent androgen receptor (AR) activation have been proposed for CRPC progression.

Rational design of food-grade polyelectrolyte complex coacervate for encapsulation and enhanced oral delivery of oenothein B.

Oenothein B (OeB), a dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin isolated from eucalyptus leaves has been demonstrated as a promising natural bioactive compound for its remarkable antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. Unfortunately, early study indicates that OeB has quite low bioaccessibility for oral consumption due to their susceptibility to decomposition both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of food-grade polyelectrolyte complex coacervate using caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) and chitosan (CS) to encapsulate OeB for enhanced protection through gastrointestinal (GI) tract.