Global trends and burden of idiopathic epilepsy: regional and gender differences from 1990 to 2021 and future outlook.

Background: Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) remains a significant neurological disorder, contributing to substantial global morbidity and mortality. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the global burden of IE from 1990 to 2021, focusing on trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across different geographic regions. Additionally, the study projects IE burden trends through 2036, providing insights for future public health interventions.

Deep learning-based image domain reconstruction enhances image quality and pulmonary nodule detection in ultralow-dose CT with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V.

Objectives: To evaluate the image quality and lung nodule detectability of ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASiR-V) post-processed using a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR)-based image domain compared to low-dose CT (LDCT) and ULDCT without DLIR.

Materials And Methods: A total of 210 patients undergoing lung cancer screening underwent LDCT (mean ± SD, 0.81 ± 0.

Sandstorms contribute to the atmospheric microplastic pollution: Transport and accumulation from degraded lands to a megacity.

Surface dust from degraded lands is a major global aerosol source, mobilized by meteorological events like sandstorms. Microplastics (MPs) in dust can be enriched in the atmosphere and transported over long distances to sensitive regions during sandstorms. This study was conducted in a megacity frequently impacted by sandstorms in spring, exploring the influx, characteristics, enrichment mechanism, and transport pathway of sandstorm-derived MPs.

Global, regional, and national burden of intracerebral hemorrhage and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results from the rupture of blood vessels causing bleeding within the brain and is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite having a lower incidence than ischemic stroke, ICH imposes a greater social and economic burden. To our knowledge, since the release of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report, there has been no comprehensive update on the epidemiology and trends of ICH.

Human Exposure to Ambient Atmospheric Microplastics in a Megacity: Spatiotemporal Variation and Associated Microorganism-Related Health Risk.

Microplastics are found in various human tissues and are considered harmful, raising concerns about human exposure to microplastics in the environment. Existing research has analyzed indoor and occupational scenarios, but long-term monitoring of ambient atmospheric microplastics (AMPs), especially in highly polluted urban regions, needs to be further investigated. This study estimated human environmental exposure to AMPs by considering inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal exposure in three urban functional zones within a megacity.

Halide Anions Tuning of Lead-Free Perovskite-Type Ferroelectric Semiconductors with Inverse High-Temperature Symmetry Breaking.

There is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding research on halogen-substitution-regulated ferroelectric semiconductors featuring multiple phase transitions. Here, a new category of 1D perovskite ferroelectrics (DFP)SbX (DFP = 3,3-difluoropyrrolidium, X = I, Br, abbreviated as I-1 and Br-2) with twophase transitions (PTs) is reported. The first low-temperature PT is a mmmFmm2 ferroelectric PT, while the high-temperature PT is a counterintuitive inverse temperature symmetry-breaking PT.

Potential environmental risks of field bio/non-degradable microplastic from mulching residues in farmland: Evidence from metagenomic analysis of plastisphere.

The plastisphere may act as reservoir of antibiotic resistome, accelerating global antimicrobial resistance dissemination. However, the environmental risks in the plastisphere of field microplastics (MPs) in farmland remain largely unknown. Here, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) on polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid microplastics (PBAT/PLA-MPs) from residues were investigated using metagenomic analysis.

Taxifolin inhibits melanoma proliferation/migration impeding USP18/Rac1/JNK/β-catenin oncogenic signaling.

Background: Metastatic melanoma is a fatal cancer. Despite the advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for patients with melanoma, drug resistance and low response rates pose a considerable challenge. Taxifolin is a multifunctional natural compound with emerging antitumor potentials.

Enhanced Electrocaloric Effect of Lead Scandium Tantalate by Zirconium Doping.

The electrocaloric effect (ECE) is a novel technology that offers high efficiency and environmental friendliness, making it suitable for solid-state refrigeration applications. Among the extensively studied ECE materials, lead scandium tantalate (PST) stands out for its excellent performance. However, its applications are restricted by its narrow working temperature range.

Microplastics in the atmosphere: Adsorb on leaves and their effects on the phyllosphere bacterial community.

Phyllosphere is the largest interface between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems and serves as a major sink for atmospheric microplastics (MPs). It is also a unique habitat for microbiota with diverse ecological functions. This field study investigated the characteristics of atmospheric MPs adsorbed on leaves with automatic technology, and found their abundance was 3.

Differential fungal assemblages and functions between the plastisphere of biodegradable and conventional microplastics in farmland.

The heterogeneity of plastisphere and soil can lead to variation in microbiome, potentially impacting soil functions. Current studies of the plastisphere have mainly focused on bacterial communities, and fungal communities are poorly understood. Biodegradable and conventional microplastics may recruit specific microbial taxa due to their different biodegradability.

Plastic substrate and residual time of microplastics in the urban river shape the composition and structure of bacterial communities in plastisphere.

The widespread secondary microplastics (MPs) in urban freshwater, originating from plastic wastes, have created a new habitat called plastisphere for microorganisms. The factors influencing the structure and ecological risks of the microbial community within the plastisphere are not yet fully understood. We conducted an in-site incubation experiment in an urban river, using MPs from garbage bags (GB), shopping bags (SB), and plastic bottles (PB).

Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Malignant glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor with the highest mortality. In the era of immunotherapy, it is important to determine what type of immunotherapy provides the best chance of survival.

Method: Here, the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma (HGG) were evaluated by systematic review and meta-analysis.

The oil price-macroeconomy dependence.

This paper investigates the relationship between the price of oil and real output in the United States in the context of a Markov regime switching, identified, structural GARCH-in-Mean VAR model with copulas. We use the copula method to investigate the nonlinear dependence structure, as well as (upper and lower) tail dependence, between the price of oil and real output growth, and Markov regime switching to account for changing oil price dynamics over the sample period. We find an asymmetric negative dependence structure between oil price and output growth shocks and that oil price uncertainty has a negative and statistically significant effect on real output growth.

Maternal body mass index and risk of fetal overgrowth in women with gestational diabetes Mellitus in Southeast China: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) changes and large for gestational age (LGA) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including 10,486 women with GDM was conducted. A dose‒response analysis of BMI changes and the occurrence of LGA was performed.

Histone demethylase KDM2A is a selective vulnerability of cancers relying on alternative telomere maintenance.

Telomere length maintenance is essential for cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. 5% - 10% of human cancers rely on a recombination-based mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to sustain their replicative immortality, yet there are currently no targeted therapies. Through CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in an ALT-immortalized isogenic cellular model, here we identify histone lysine demethylase KDM2A as a molecular vulnerability selectively for cells contingent on ALT-dependent telomere maintenance.

Histone demethylase KDM2A is a selective vulnerability of cancers relying on alternative telomere maintenance.

Telomere length maintenance is essential for cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. 5% - 10% of human cancers rely on a recombination-based mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to sustain their replicative immortality, yet there are currently no targeted therapies. Through CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in an ALT-immortalized isogenic cellular model, here we identify histone lysine demethylase KDM2A as a molecular vulnerability selectively for cells contingent on ALT-dependent telomere maintenance.

Stat3 shRNA delivery with folate receptor-modified multi-functionalized graphene oxide particles for combined infrared radiation and gene therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

As a vital oncogene, a variety of inhibitors targeting Stat3 and its various upstream signaling pathways has been explored. Since small molecules, peptidomimetics and other peptide inhibitors usually lead to side effects and difficult administration, gene therapeutics that have characteristics of low toxicity and high targeting, make them an attractive alternative for targeting Stat3. A major challenge to this approach is the lack of safe delivery systems for in-vivo applications.

The plastisphere of biodegradable and conventional microplastics from residues exhibit distinct microbial structure, network and function in plastic-mulching farmland.

The inhomogeneity of plastisphere and soil may result in different microbial communities, thus potentially affecting soil functions. Biodegradable plastics offer an alternative to conventional plastics, nevertheless, the inadequate end-of-life treatment of biodegradable plastics may release more microplastics. Herein, we collected PE and PBAT/PLA microplastics in plastic-mulching farmland in Hebei, China.

RSL3 triggers glioma stem cell differentiation via the Tgm2/AKT/ID1 signaling axis.

RSL3 is a synthetic molecule that inactivates glutathione peroxidase 4 to induce ferroptosis. However, its effect on glioma stem cells (GSC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that RSL3 significantly suppressed GSC proliferation and induced their differentiation into astrocytes, which was accompanied by the downregulation of stemness-related markers, including Nestin and Sox2.

The lag-effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on child respiratory diseases in Fuzhou, China.

Background: The effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on respiratory diseases (RDs) were various in different populations according to the demographic characteristics, and children were considered a vulnerable population. Previous studies were mainly based in cities with serious air pollution. This study aimed to qualify the lag effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on respiratory diseases among children under 18 years old in Fuzhou.

Automated identification and quantification of invisible microplastics in agricultural soils.

Microplastics in agricultural soils have become the research hotspot in recent years, however, the quantitative methods based on the traditional visual inspection may have a high false detection rate. Here we combined the laser direct infrared (LDIR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) methods to investigate the microplastics in farmland with long-term agricultural activities. The results showed that the total abundance of microplastics reached 1.