Cancer outcomes in patients requiring immunosuppression in addition to corticosteroids for immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Aim: To examine the cancer-specific outcomes for patients who experience immune-related adverse events requiring immunosuppression beyond corticosteroids.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case series of patients between January 1, 2009 and April 1, 2018, across three metropolitan hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia. Eligible patients were identified from pharmacy records.

Acidolysis-dominated pretreatment elevates distillation yield and impacts composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oil from seeds.

Proper pretreatment of herbal material containing essential oils (EOs) could enhance its volatile components release through either removing physical barriers or conquering chemical bonds and thereby improve hydrodistillation yield. In this regard, a trial pretreatment including pulverization, enzymolysis, short time microwave irradiation and acidolysis of seeds was integrated into the essential oil (EO) preparation to elevate the EO yield. On the basis of Plackett-Burman design analysis, three parameters (acidolysis duration, HCl concentration of acidolysis and sieving mesh) were significant for the EO preparation.