Structure elucidation and antiviral activity of a cold water-extracted mannogalactofucan Ts1-1A from Trametes sanguinea against human cytomegalovirus in vitro.

In this study, we purified a partially acetylated heteropolysaccharide (Ts1-1A) from the fruit bodies of Trametes sanguinea Lloyd through cold water extraction and serial chromatographic separation. The purified polysaccharide Ts1-1A (12.8 kDa) was characterized as a branched mannogalactofucan with a backbone of alternately connected 1,3-linked α-Fucp and 1,6-linked α-Galp, which was partially substituted by non-reducing end units of β-Manp at O-2 and O-3 positions of 1,6-linked α-Galp.

Deciphering the omicron variant: integrated omics analysis reveals critical biomarkers and pathophysiological pathways.

Background: The rapid emergence and global dissemination of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 have posed formidable challenges in public health. This scenario underscores the urgent need for an enhanced understanding of Omicron's pathophysiological mechanisms to guide clinical management and shape public health strategies. Our study is aimed at deciphering the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying Omicron infections, particularly focusing on the identification of specific biomarkers.

Dual function of quercetin as an MMP inhibitor and crosslinker in preventing dentin erosion and abrasion: An in situ/in vivo study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in situ/in vivo effect of quercetin on dentin erosion and abrasion.

Methods: Human dentin blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm) were embedded and assigned to 6 groups: 75 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL quercetin (Q75, Q150, Q300); 120 μg/mL chlorhexidine (CHX, positive control); and deionized water and ethanol (the negative controls). The specimens were treated with the respective solutions for 2 min and then subjected to in situ/in vivo erosive/abrasive challenge for 7 d as follows: in vivo erosion 4 times a day and then in vivo toothbrush abrasion after the first and last erosive challenges of each day.

Ultrasound and its combined application in the improvement of microbial and physicochemical quality of fruits and vegetables: A review.

The eating safety and high quality of fruits and vegetables have always been concerned by consumers, so require a safe, non-toxic, environment-friendly technology for their preservation. The application of ultrasound is a potential technology in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. This paper describes the ultrasound mechanism for inactivating microorganisms, with the cavitation phenomena of ultrasound being considered as a main effect.

Behavioral and Neurochemical Changes in Rats with Recurrent Depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress.

Objectives: The mechanism of recurrent depression remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the behavioural and neurochemical patterns of rats with recurrent depression.

Materials And Methods: An animal model of recurrent depression was established using chronic unpredictable stress and imipramine hydrochloride.

Danshen-Chuanxiongqin Injection attenuates cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR2/ TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Pathway in tMCAO mice.

Danshen-Chuanxiongqin Injection (DCI) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. However, its underlying mechanisms remain completely understood. The current study was designed to explore the protective mechanisms of DCI against cerebral ischemic stroke through integrating whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with network pharmacology analysis.

Effect of Danshen on TLR2-triggered inflammation in macrophages.

Background: Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) is a valued herbal plant widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries. In modern medicine, innate immunity-induced inflammation is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of Danshen.

Exposure to hot temperatures during lactation in Swiss mice stunts offspring growth and decreases future reproductive performance of female offspring.

Exposure to high temperatures (heatwaves) is rapidly emerging as an important issue of climate change, in particular for female mammals during lactation. High temperatures adversely affect the ability to dissipate heat, which has negative effects on reproductive output. The cumulative effects on growth of F1 offspring after weaning, and future reproductive performance of offspring, remain uncertain.

Evaluation of a multiple and global analytical indicator of batch consistency: traditional Chinese medicine injection as a case study.

This paper evaluates a multiple and global analytical indicator of batch consistency in traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) a chemometrics tool, which is more comprehensive to appraise quality consistency of different batches of injections than the traditional method of fingerprint similarity. A commonly used TCMI, and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection (SLI), was employed as a model. With the aid of a chemometrics tool (principal component analysis, PCA), evaluation of multiple and global analytical indicators of batch consistency, which included saccharides, phenolic acids and inorganic salts (18 indicators in total), was carried out to appraise the quality consistency of 13 batches of injection provided by the Guizhou Baite Pharmaceutical Co.

Exposure to hot temperatures during lactation stunted offspring growth and decreased the future reproductive performance of female offspring.

Among the important aspects of climate change, exposure to high temperatures (heat waves) is rapidly emerging as an important issue, in particular for female mammals during lactation. High temperatures adversely impact ability to dissipate heat, which has negative effects on reproductive output. The cumulative effects on growth of F1 offspring after weaning and future reproductive performance of offspring remain uncertain.

Promoting neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depressive-like rats with paeoniflorin.

Hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in the onset and treatment of depressive disorders. Previous studies suggest that paeoniflorin could be used as an antidepressant for treating rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. In this study, the effects of paeoniflorin on neurogenesis in the hippocampus dentate gyrus and potential mechanism of action are further investigated in chronic unpredictable stress-induced rat.

Development of a series of novel o-phenylenediamine-based indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors.

A novel series of o-phenylenediamine-based inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been identified. IDO is a heme-containing enzyme, overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment of many cancers, which can contribute to the suppression of the host immune system. Synthetic modifications to a previously described diarylether series resulted in an additional degree of molecular diversity which was exploited to afford compounds that demonstrated significant potency in the HeLa human cervical cancer IDO1 assay.

Leptin resistance was involved in susceptibility to overweight in the striped hamster re-fed with high fat diet.

Food restriction (FR) is the most commonly used intervention to prevent the overweight. However, the lost weight is usually followed by "compensatory growth" when FR ends, resulting in overweight. The present study was aimed to examining the behavior patterns and hormones mechanisms underpinning the over-weight.

Safety and tolerability of iopromide in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization: real-world multicenter experience with 17,513 patients from the TRUST trial.

To assess the incidence of and risk factors for acute adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (occurring within 1 h) following iopromide administration in cardiac catheterization in Chinese 'real-world' practice. Acute ADRs following iopromide administration during coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been systematically evaluated in China. TRUST was a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted at 63 centers in China.

[Finite-element investigation on center of resistance of maxillary anterior teeth].

A three-dimensional finite element model of premaxillary bone and anterior teeth was established with ANSYS 13.0. The anterior teeth were fixed with strong stainless labial archwire and lingual frame.

Cloning, overexpression and characterization of a thermostable pullulanase from Thermus thermophilus HB27.

A gene encoding a special type of pullulanase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 (TTHpu) was cloned. It has an open reading frame of 1428bp encoding a mature protein with a molecular mass of 52kDa. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using pHsh and pET28a vectors.

Molecular cloning of vasa gene and the effects of LHRH-A on its expression in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus.

The full length of vasa cDNA in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus was cloned and sequenced using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA contained 2,143 bp and was consisted of a 48-bp 5' untranslated terminal region (5'-UTR), a 157-bp 3' untranslated terminal region (3'-UTR) and a 1,938-bp open reading frame (ORF) which encoded 645 amino acids. Homological protein analysis showed that vasa in O.

[Application of the theories of materiomic release kinetics to the evaluation of the sustained release kinetics and synchronicity of yinqiaojiedu honeyed pills].

Yinqiaojiedu honeyed pills were equally divided into 1/4, 1/8, 1/12, and 1/16 parts. The materiomics release rates within 12 h of the intact Yinqiaojiedu honeyed pills and the divided granules were determined by the paddle method with a rotate speed at 100 r x min(-1), and the materiome was quantified by UV-scan and Kalman filter methods. The intact Yinqiaojiedu honeyed pills behaved typical sustained release profiles, while the well-divided portions also maintained a sustained release profile over 2-4 h.

[Novel method for the evaluation of the synchronicity of the chemomic release/dissolution of multi-component traditional Chinese medicines].

Due to the diversity of components within the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the release profiles of the components in the TCM dosage forms vary dramatically and no quantification method is available to determine the variance yet. Based upon the principles of Kalman filter method, the authors defined a new parameter, relative chemomic error (epsilon), to evaluate the asynchronous nature of the components in TCMs, and a derivative parameter as synchronization factor (SF) to quantify the synchronicity of the chemome of the TCMs. The average synchronization factor (SF(av)) was accordingly derived to simultaneously quantify the release/dissolution profiles of the multi-components in TCMs.

Quinazolinone derivatives as orally available ghrelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

The peptide hormone ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) and the only currently known circulating appetite stimulant. GHS-R1a antagonism has therefore been proposed as a potential approach for obesity treatment. More recently, ghrelin has been recognized to also play a role in controlling glucose-induced insulin secretion, which suggests another possible benefit for a GHS-R1a antagonist, namely, the role as an insulin secretagogue with potential value for diabetes treatment.

Indanylacetic acid derivatives carrying 4-thiazolyl-phenoxy tail groups, a new class of potent PPAR alpha/gamma/delta pan agonists: synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and in vivo efficacy.

Compounds that simultaneously activate the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes alpha, gamma, and delta hold potential to address the adverse metabolic and cardiovascular conditions associated with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. We recently identified the indanylacetic acid moiety as a well-tunable PPAR agonist head group. Here we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of novel aryl tail group derivatives that led to a new class of potent PPAR pan agonists.

Hypertonic perfusion reduced myocardial injury during subsequent ischemia and reperfusion in normal and hypertensive rats.

Aim: To determine the effects of hypertonic solution on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in normal and stroke-prone hypertensive rat hearts in vitro.

Methods: Hearts were perfused in an isolated-perfused Langendorff apparatus and perfused with normal or hypertonic solution (360 mOsm/L, by addition of NaCl to the normal perfusate of 300 mOsm/L) before subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 40 min isotonic reperfusion. Heart function, myocardial creatine kinase leakage, norepinephrine release, and ventricular calcium content were determined.