Rumen-protected guanidinoacetic acid improves growth performance in beef cattle under chronic heat stress by reshaping gut microbiota and modulating serum metabolism.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rumen-protected guanidinoacetic acid (RP-GAA) on growth performance, gut microbiota, and serum metabolism in beef cattle under chronic heat stress. A randomized block design was employed to allocate 14 F1 Simmental crossbred cattle (Simmental ♂ ×  ♀) with an average body weight of 312.5 ± 55.

Integrative transcriptome and WGCNA analysis reveal key genes mainly in response to in .

In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of response to stress and screen for genes conferring resistance to , we carried out measurements of physiological and biochemical indices and transcriptomic sequence analysis of leaves of inoculated with . The results showed that the variation trends of multiple hormone contents and enzyme activities were broadly similar at different time points, with HO, SA, JA, PPO, SOD, PAL and POD showing a trend of increasing and then decrease after inoculation with the pathogen. The contents of HO peaked on the second day and subsequently declined.

Active frequency support capability evaluation of photovoltaic stations based on bi-level evaluation method.

With the increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) in power grid, to cope with the deteriorating frequency security of the system, PV stations are required to participate in frequency regulation by grid codes. Knowing the active frequency support capability (AFSC) of PV stations is essential for strategy design of frequency response. Therefore, a comprehensive indicator system and an integrated evaluation method are proposed to evaluate the AFSC of PV stations.

Development and Validation of a Competitive Risk Model in Elderly Patients with Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Transitional cell bladder carcinoma (tcBC) is the predominant form of bladder cancer, making up around 95% of reported cases. Prognostic factors for older individuals with tcBC differ from those affecting younger patients. The main purpose of this study was to establish a prognostic competing risk model for elderly patients with tcBC.

Biomimetic 3D Prototyping of Hierarchically Porous Multilayered Membranes for Enhanced Oil-Water Filtration.

This study introduces a biomimetic approach to 3D printing multilayered hierarchical porous membranes (MHMs) using Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology. Fabricated through a fast layer-by-layer printing process with varying concentrations of pore-forming agents, the produced MHMs mimic the hierarchical pore structure and filtration capabilities of natural soil systems. As a result, the 3D-printed MHMs achieved an impressive oil rejection rate of 99.

Ferritin-Based Supramolecular Assembly Drug Delivery System for Aminated Fullerene Derivatives to Enhance Tumor-Targeted Therapy.

Owing to their attractive antitumor effects, aminated fullerene derivatives are emerging as promising therapeutic drugs for cancer. However, their in vivo applications are severely limited due to cation toxicity. To address this problem, human heavy chain ferritin (HFn), possessing natural biocompatibility is utilized, to develop a novel supramolecular assembly drug delivery system.

Phyllospheric fungal diversity in decomposing larch leaf litter: a comparative study of epiphytic and endophytic fungi.

Introduction: Epiphytic and endophytic fungi are primary decomposers of forest litter due to their complex species composition and metabolic functions. To clarify the community diversity of phyllospheric fungi and to explore nutrient loss and the role of fungal decomposition, we conducted a study on the decomposition of leaf litter during the 1-year decomposition of in the cold temperate zone.

Methods: Fungal diversity data were characterized via Single Molecule Sequencing (based on the Sequel II Sequencing System) and statistical analyses in R.

Surface double defects-dominated TiO with high liquid phase stability for smart SERS sensing of dye additives in foods.

Surface defect engineering is an effective strategy to regulate the physical and chemical properties of semiconductors for a wide range of applications. Herein, a surface-highly-reduced anatase TiO (R-TiO) with double defects (surface oxygen vacancy defect and Ti energy level defect) was developed as a plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for ultrasensitive detection of food additives. Abundant surface oxygen vacancies enable R-TiO to exist stably in liquid phase, which realizes a smart SERS detection for dye target molecules due to evading fluorescent interference from analytes, while SERS enhancement of analytes cannot be observed on the solid phase substrate at all.

(001) facet-supported TiO facet heterojunction with abundant active sites and high-efficiency carrier separation for ultrasensitive SERS detection of antibiotic residues in foods.

Background: Antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods are seriously threatening human health and have attracted growing public attention. It is very important and valuable to carry out a rapid ultrasensitive detection of antibiotic residues, especially accurate identification based on molecular fingerprints.

Results: Here, a (001) facet-supported TiO facet heterojunction with abundant active sites (SF-TiO) was developed as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for ultrasensitive detection of antibiotic residues in milk and honey foods.

A novel g-CN/TiO heterojunction for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A residues.

Semiconductor heterojunction with functional integration can be used as an excellent matrix for the ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) with low molecular affinity. Here, a simple, low-cost and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy using g-CN/TiO heterojunction as substrate was presented for detection of BPA residues in foods. The g-CN/TiO achieved specific chemisorption for target analyte by the formation of intermolecular H-bond between g-CN and BPA.

Distinct exposure impact of non-degradable and biodegradable microplastics on freshwater microalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa): Implications for polylactic acid as a sustainable plastic alternative.

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as significant sources of harm to biota in various environments. However, the detrimental impacts of aged MPs with different structures and degradability remain poorly understood. In this study, aged MPs from polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS), representing biodegradable, aliphatic, and aromatic plastics, respectively, were prepared to examine their effects on microalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa).

FedSTS: A Stratified Client Selection Framework for Consistently Fast Federated Learning.

In this article, we investigate random client selection in the context of horizontal federated learning (FL), whereby only a randomly selected subset of clients transmit their model updates to the server instead of yielding all clients involved. Many researchers have demonstrated that clustering-based client selection constitutes a simple yet efficacious approach to the identification of those clients possessing representative gradient information. Despite the extensive body of research on modified selection methodologies, the majority of prior work is predicated upon the assumption of consistently effective clustering.

Effect of potassium on the agronomic traits and fruit quality of Goji (Lycium barbarum L.).

To investgate the effects of potassium (K) application on the agronomic traits and fruit quality of Lycium barbarum L. (Goji), three levels of K fertilizer, namely LK (25 g/plant), CK (50 g/plant), and HK (75 g/plant), were applied to plants in phytotron for observing and measuring relevant indicators. The investigation involved seven agronomic traits: plant height, plant stem diameter, new branch increment, yield of fresh fruits per plant, dry fruit quantity within 50 g, ratio of different grade fruits, and ratio of longitudinal diameter to transverse diameter of Goji fruits.

Chloride-mediated enhancement in Cu(II)-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction: The overlooked reactive chlorine species.

The practical application of Cu(II)-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction (Cu(II)/HO) exhibits a low efficiency in the degradation of refractory compounds of wastewater. The impact of chloride ions (Cl) on Fenton-like reactions have been investigated, but the influence mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the presence of Cl (5 mM) significantly accelerated the degradation of benzoic acid (BA) under neutral conditions.

PhraseAug: An Augmented Medical Report Generation Model With Phrasebook.

Medical report generation is a valuable and challenging task, which automatically generates accurate and fluent diagnostic reports for medical images, reducing workload of radiologists and improving efficiency of disease diagnosis. Fine-grained alignment of medical images and reports facilitates the exploration of close correlations between images and texts, which is crucial for cross-modal generation. However, visual and linguistic biases caused by radiologists' writing styles make cross-modal image-text alignment difficult.

The Heterogeneous Habitat of Taiga Forests Changes the Soil Microbial Functional Diversity.

The soil contains abundant and diverse microorganisms, which interrelate closely with the aboveground vegetation and impact the structure and function of the forest ecosystem. To explore the effect of vegetation diversity on soil microbial functional diversity in taiga forests, we selected significantly different important values of as experimental grouping treatments based on plant investigation from fixed plots in Da Xing'anling Mountains. Following that, we collected soil samples and applied the Biolog-ECO microplate method to investigate differences in carbon source utilization, features of functional diversity in soil microorganisms, and factors influencing them in taiga forests.

Performance of T2 mapping in the staging of Graves' ophthalmopathy based on different region of interest selection methods.

Background: Discriminating the stage of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is crucial for clinical decision. Application of conventional T2-weighted imaging in the staging is still limited.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of T2 mapping based on two different regions of interest (ROIs) for staging GO.

Integrated 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics insights into microbial dysbiosis and distinct virulence factors in inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: The escalation of urbanization correlates with rising rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necessitating research into new etiological factors. This study aims to elucidate the gut microbiota profiles in IBD patients and compare them with healthy controls in a western city of China.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter case-control study from the end of 2020, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing ( = 36) and metagenomic sequencing ( = 12) to analyze the gut microbiota of newly diagnosed IBD patients, including those with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

A double defects-dominated flexible TiO matrix for in-situ SERS sensing of antibiotic residues in aquatic ecosystem (fish & fishpond water) and their on-site degradation in flowing water.

High-performance flexible semiconductor material can be used as an excellent multifunctional matrix for in-situ ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection and synchronous photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic residues in aquatic ecosystem. Here, a calcium-doped TiO flexible matrix with double defects (surface oxygen vacancy defect and Ti energy level defect) was developed by its "in-situ one-step" hydrothermal synthesis on cotton fabric for the above purposes. Due to the joint contribution of double defects, a multi-channel charge transfer mode and a high-efficiency carrier separation are achieved, which endows flexible cotton fabric/Ca-doped TiO (Cot/Ca-TiO) substrate with the greatly boosted SERS effect for in-situ detection of antibiotic residues on fish body surface and in fishpond water by a simple wiping or dipping sampling method, even for simultaneous identification of multi-component residues.

A flexible semiconductor SERS substrate by in situ growth of tightly aligned TiO for in situ detection of antibiotic residues.

Semiconductor materials have become a competitive candidate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. However, powdered semiconductors are difficult to execute a fast in situ detection for trace analytes. Here, we developed a new flexible semiconductor SERS substrate by in situ densely growing anatase TiO nanoparticles on the surface of cotton fabric through a filtration-hydrothermal method, in which TiO exhibits excellent controllability in size and distribution by regulating the ratio of water to alcohol in synthesis and the number of filtration-hydrothermal repetitive cycle.

Core-shell ZnO@CoO nitrogen doped nano-composites as highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticides detection.

Core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was synthesized by growing a cobalt-based ZIF-67 on a ZIF-8 seed particle. Herein, through selective etching of the ZIF-8@ZIF-67 core and subsequent direct carbonization, core-shell hollow ZnO@CoO nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (HZnO@CoO-NPC) nanocomposites were prepared. HZnO@CoO-NPCs possessed a high nitrogen content, large surface area, high degree of graphitization and excellent electrical conductivity, all of which were attributed to successfully integrating the unique advantages of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67.