Frequency and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2, Which Circulated between 2014 and 2021 in Jiangsu, China.

Porcine circovirus-associated diseases, caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), are widespread and result in significant economic losses to the global swine industry. PCV2 can currently be divided into nine genotypes (PCV2a to PCV2i), with the currently dominant one being the PCV2d genotype. In this study, 2675 samples from 804 pig farms in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China, were collected between 2014 and 2021 and subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of PCV2.

Vertical transmission of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 in BALB/c mice.

Background: Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 is the animal virus with the smallest genome discovered so far, and it has become widely distributed in the Chinese mainland in recent years.

Results: In this study, a BALB/c mouse model was used to reveal P1 infection in female reproductive systems and the vertical transmission of the virus. The female reproductive system, including the ovary and uterus, was harvested on day 14 postinfection and examined for pathological lesions.

Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 activates pancreatic secretion pathway by interacting with CHRM3 protein.

The porcine circovirus-like virus P1, a member of the circovirus family, causes post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in weaned piglets with progressive wasting as the main clinical symptom. The pancreatic secretion pathway induces pancreatic acinar cells to secrete various digestive enzymes and as such is an important signaling pathway for the digestive system and somatic growth. This study examined the effects and mechanism of P1 virus infection on the pancreatic secretion pathway.

Nearly 20 Years of Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Porcine Circovirus-like Virus P1 from China.

Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 can infect many kinds of animals and mainly causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. In China, the genetic diversity, variation, and evolutionary processes of this virus have not been described yet. To improve our knowledge of its genetic diversity, evolution, and gene flow, we performed a bioinformatics analysis using the available nucleotide sequences of the P1 virus; among them, 12 nucleotide sequences were from ten pig farms in Jiangsu Province in this epidemiological survey, and 84 sequences were downloaded from GenBank.

Interaction of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 capsid protein with host proteins.

Background: Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 is a relatively new kind of virus that is closely related to the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, congenital tremors, and abortions in swine. The molecular mechanisms of P1 virus infection and pathogenesis are fully unknown. To analyze P1 and its host interactions, we used a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay to identify cellular proteins interacting with the Cap of the P1 virus.

Complete genome sequences of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 mutants with 163 amino acids in the capsid protein.

Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 is a novel circovirus that was originally detected in China in 2005. Here, we report the genome sequences of P1 isolates JS02, JS03, and HuN06, each with 163 amino acids in its capsid protein. The complete genome of each of these isolates contains 649 nucleotides and has a T insertion at position 207.

Basigin-CyP elevated porcine circovirus type2 replication.

Porcine circovirus type2 (PCV2) is a member of the circoviridae family. PCV2 was identified as the main pathogen of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in weaned piglets and causes massive economic loss. Basigin, is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily; which is also a receptor for cyclophilins.

PCV2 inhibits the Wnt signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen of the current pig industry. The Wnt signalling pathway plays an important role in the growth of young animals. In this study, we mainly elucidated the relationship between PCV2 and the Wnt signalling pathway.

Complete genome sequences of porcine-circovirus-like mini agents in pigs and cattle.

Porcine circovirus (PCV) genomes are single-stranded circular DNAs of about 1770 nucleotides (nt). Here, we present for the first time two small PCV-like agents with circular DNA genomes (258 and 264 nt) in pigs and two (201 and 347 nt) in cattle, with no obvious protein-coding capacity. Sequences of the four PCV-like mini agents differed by 1.

Porcine Circovirus-Like Virus P1 Inhibits Wnt Signaling Pathway and .

Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 is an important pathogen of the current pig industry, the infection mechanism is not entirely clear. Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the growth of young animals and infection of some viruses. This study was designed to demonstrate the effects of P1 infection on the Wnt signaling pathway.

Protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding capsid protein of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 against porcine circovirus 2 in mice.

The capsid protein is the major immunogenic protein of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). The nucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 shares high homology with open reading frame (ORF) 2 of PCV2, and ORF1 of P1 encodes its structural protein. Mice were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a plasmid expressing the P1 ORF1 protein (pcDNA3.

MicroRNA-30a-5p promotes replication of porcine circovirus type 2 through enhancing autophagy by targeting 14-3-3.

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating virus-host interactions and can restrict or facilitate viral replication. In the present study we examined whether a functional relationship exists between autophagy, miRNA and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, using several approaches. We demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between PCV2 infection and autophagy in 3D4/21 cells and autophagy induced by PCV2 infection triggered PCV2 replication.

Nitric oxide-generating compound GSNO suppresses porcine circovirus type 2 infection in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule with biological functions, has antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens including viruses. To our knowledge, little information is available about the regulatory effect of NO on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. This study was conducted to investigate the antiviral activity of NO generated from S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), during PCV2 infection of PK-15 cells and BALB/c mice.

Molecular characterization of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 in eastern China.

A large-scale epidemiological study of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 was carried out from 2007 to 2015 in China, which revealed a high level of P1 infection. Thirty-nine sequences obtained from pigs in eastern China showed remarkable genetic diversity, with the P1 predominant sequences and the mutant P1 with ORF1 or ORF2 containing an additional amino-acid extension at the C-terminus. This information may be useful for understanding the evolution of P1 circovirus-like virus.

Genome sequence of a porcine circovirus-like virus P1 mutant in China.

A new porcine circovirus-like virus P1 mutant was isolated and sequenced in China in 2015. This P1 mutant has a mutation in its ORF1-encoded capsid protein that results in its elongation by eight amino acids.

Syndecan-4, a PRRSV attachment factor, mediates PRRSV entry through its interaction with EGFR.

The causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is the PRRS virus (PRRSV), an enveloped, single-stranded and positive-sense RNA virus. The host factors and mechanisms that are involved in PRRSV entry are still largely unknown. In our present studies, we found that syndecan-4, one of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans, plays a critical role in PRRSV entry, especially in PRRSV attachment.

Development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant truncated Cap protein for the diagnosis of porcine circovirus-like virus P1.

Background: Porcine circovirus-like virus P1 is a newly discovered virus. To date, there has been no specific serological assay for use in the diagnosis of P1 infection.

Results: Because P1 has high homology to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) at the nucleotide level, the C-terminal portion of the capsid protein (amino acids 73-114), a discriminative antigen, was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system.

Function analysis of proteins encoded by ORFs 1 to 8 of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 by microarray assay.

Porcine circovirus-like agent P1 is a newly discovered virus containing a single-strand circular genome. The genome of P1 is a DNA molecule of 648 nucleotides which contains eight open reading frames (ORFs) that probably encode potential proteins or polypeptides. Thus it is very important to clarify these proteins' function.

Development of real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 in domestic pigs in China.

Background: The porcine circovirus-like agent P1 is a newly discovered DNA virus with a single-stranded circular genome that is highly homologous to that of porcine circovirus type 2. P1 infection can cause symptoms resembling postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. This study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific method to detect P1.

Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of a new porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strain in China.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent associated with several pig diseases that are collectively referred to as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Unfortunately, PCV2 has had a serious economic impact on the swine industry. In this study, we report the genome sequence of a novel PCV2 isolate (JS2015) identified in pigs in Jiang Su, China.

Adsorption of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus DNA vaccine candidate onto biodegradable nanoparticles improves immunogenicity in mice.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically devastating viral disease of pigs. Safer and more effective vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, a synthetic ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was adsorbed onto poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylenimine (PLGA/PEI) nanoparticles.