Nasal High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation for Respiratory Failure due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis: Case Report.

The authors describe a case of acute respiratory failure due to severe bronchiolitis. During high-flow nasal cannula ventilation, the blood's high levels of hypercapnia had taken them to plan the sedation and the orotracheal intubation. However, before attempting intubation, a nasal high frequency oscillatory ventilation cycle was performed and it led to a marked improvement in the blood gas, avoiding in this way the invasive ventilation.

Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and CO removal: A randomized controlled crossover trial.

Objective: To compare short-term application of nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Working Hypothesis: nHFOV improves CO removal with respect to nCPAP in preterm infants needing noninvasive respiratory support and persistent oxygen supply after the first 72 h of life.

Study Design: Multicenter non-blinded prospective randomized crossover study.

Second-generation immigrant children: health prevention for a new population in terms of vaccination coverage and health assessment.

Background: In recent years the total number of foreigners taking up residence in Italy is increasing: the number of children born in Italy to foreign parents currently account for 15% of all babies born in the country. This population is generally referred to as "second-generation immigrants". We evaluated the health conditions of this particular population by investigating the vaccination coverage and auxological data in a group of foreign children living in a foster care setting and by comparing them to those regarding a group of foreign children living with their own parents.

Children left unattended in parked vehicles: a focus on recent italian cases and a review of literature.

Every year a lot of children die from heat stroke and hyperthermia because they have been left unattended in closed automobiles. These fatalities have augmented slightly in the past decade, but they are a poor recognized type of vehicle injury and little research has been done to discover the circumstances surrounding the fatal event. Two factors make children more prone to hyperthermia than adults: children have a greater surface area body mass ratio than adults and their thermoregulation is less efficient than adults.

Factitious disorders and Munchausen syndrome: the tip of the iceberg.

This population-based study evaluates the prevalence of factitious disorders, Münchausen syndrome, and Münchausen syndrome by proxy in a clinical setting. All children referred to the Pediatric Unit of the Department of Pediatrics of the Catholic University Medical School (Agostino Gemelli Hospital) in Rome were recruited between November 2007 and March 2010. An experienced interdisciplinary team of medical professionals analyzed all suspected cases.

Nephrotic Syndrome Following H1N1 Influenza in a 3-Year-Old Boy.

Background: The pandemic influenza A/H1N1, spread through the world in 2009, producing a serious epidemic in Italy. Complications are generally limited to patients at the extremes of age (<6 months or >65 years) and those with comorbid medical illness. The most frequent complications of influenza involve the respiratory system.

Massive proteinuria: a possible side effect of pyrantel pamoate?

Drug-induced renal injury represents a frequent clinical entity. The most common drugs associated with acute tubular necrosis are aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, radiocontrast agents, and cyclosporine, but no data exist about the potential renal toxicity due to anthelmintics administration. Anthelmintics are commonly considered quite safe agents, and side effects such as gastrointestinal, neurologic, hematologic, or hepatic injury have been only rarely described.