Biosensor Applications of MAPLE Deposited Lipase.

Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) is a thin film deposition technique derived from Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) for deposition of delicate (polymers, complex biological molecules, etc.) materials in undamaged form. The main difference of MAPLE technique with respect to PLD is the target: it is a frozen solution or suspension of the (guest) molecules to be deposited in a volatile substance (matrix).

Retrieval of aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratios by combining ground-based and space-borne lidar elastic scattering measurements.

A technique to determine the aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) as well as extinction and backscatter coefficients from simultaneous ground-based and space-borne lidar measurements is proposed. This technique can be applied in presence of more than one aerosol layer. To test the reliability of this technique, a numerical simulation has been performed.