The Use of Race and Socioeconomic Status Variables in Published Otolaryngologic Research.

Objective: To characterize the use of race and socioeconomic status (SES) variables in clinical otolarynogologic research.

Methods: Databases were queried for all articles published in 2016 issues of 5 major otolaryngologic journals. One thousand, one hundred and forty of 1593 articles abstracted met inclusion criteria for analysis.

Internet and social media research by parents of pediatric otolaryngologic patients.

Purpose: Public access to medical information has increased dramatically with the growth and accessibility of the Internet. The goal of this study is to characterize how parents use the Internet to understand and make decisions about their child's otolaryngologic surgery.

Materials And Methods: A survey was distributed to parents of pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures to assess if and how parents gather information about their child's surgery.

Opioid use in pediatric otolaryngologic surgery: A survey of caregivers' attitudes.

Objective: Given the current opioid epidemic and the fact that children continue to be undertreated for pain following surgeries, it is important to understand care-givers' attitudes toward post-operative opioid use.

Design: A survey was distributed to caregivers of pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.

Setting: An academic hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Parental Views on the Role of Social Media in Pediatric Otolaryngology.

Objective: Social media is playing an increasingly important role in medicine as a tool for patients and their families to find information and connect with others. The goal of this study is to understand parental views on if and how social media should be incorporated into pediatric otolaryngology by physicians and hospitals.

Methods: A survey was distributed to parents of pediatric otolaryngologic patients to assess views on professional social media use by physicians and hospitals.

Novel treatment for mild and moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency using implantable AlloDerm for posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation and review of surgical repair techniques.

Purpose: Mild and moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency is a relatively common structural defect of the velopharyngeal sphincter that occurs congenitally or secondarily to various medical conditions resulting in speech inadequacy. Currently, multiple surgical methods exist to treat mild and moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency; however, the revision rates are high and the outcomes are variable. This case series describes a novel technique using implantable AlloDerm to repair the posterior pharyngeal wall to treat mild and moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Association Between Preoperative Malnutrition and Postoperative Delirium After Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Adults.

Objectives: To determine whether poor nutritional status can predict postoperative delirium in elderly adults undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Italian orthogeriatric unit.

Extracellular Tau Paired Helical Filaments Differentially Affect Tau Pathogenic Mechanisms in Mitotic and Post-Mitotic Cells: Implications for Mechanisms of Tau Propagation in the Brain.

The release of paired helical filaments (PHFs) from neurons into the extracellular space may contribute to the propagation of tau pathology across brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. The majority of available mechanistic studies exploring the pathologic role of extracellular PHFs are conducted in proliferating cell lines. Here, we compare how extracellular PHFs induce tauopathy in mitotic cells and in post-mitotic brain neurons.

Recommendations for Development of Botanical Polyphenols as "Natural Drugs" for Promotion of Resilience Against Stress-Induced Depression and Cognitive Impairment.

Extensive evidence has demonstrated that psychological stress has detrimental effects on psychological health, cognitive function, and ultimately well-being. While stressful events are a significant cause of psychopathology, most individuals exposed to adversity maintain normal psychological functioning. The mechanisms underlying such resilience are poorly understood, and there is an urgent need to identify and target these mechanisms to promote resilience under stressful events.

Biomarkers of Resilience in Stress Reduction for Caregivers of Alzheimer's Patients.

Caregiving for a dementia patient is associated with increased risk of psychological and physical health problems. We investigated whether a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training course for caregivers that closely models the MBSR curriculum originally established by the Center of Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts may improve the psychological resilience of non-professional caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Twenty adult non-professional caregivers of dementia patients participated in an 8-week MBSR training course.

In Silico Modeling of Novel Drug Ligands for Treatment of Concussion Associated Tauopathy.

The objective of this study was to develop an in silico screening model for characterization of potential novel ligands from commercial drug libraries able to functionally activate certain olfactory receptors (ORs), which are members of the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein couple receptors (GPCRs), in the brain of murine models of concussion. We previously found that concussions may significantly influence expression of certain ORs, for example, OR4M1 in subjects with a history of concussion/traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we built a 3-D OR4M1 model and used it in in silico screening of potential novel ligands from commercial drug libraries.

Selective brain penetrable Nurr1 transactivator for treating Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common movement disorders, and currently there is no effective treatment that can slow disease progression. Preserving and enhancing DA neuron survival is increasingly regarded as the most promising therapeutic strategy for treating PD. IRX4204 is a second generation retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist that has no cross reactivity with retinoic acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor, liver X receptors or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ.

Recommendations for Development of New Standardized Forms of Cocoa Breeds and Cocoa Extract Processing for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Cocoa in Promotion of Cognitive Resilience and Healthy Brain Aging.

It is currently thought that the lackluster performance of translational paradigms in the prevention of age-related cognitive deteriorative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may be due to the inadequacy of the prevailing approach of targeting only a single mechanism. Age-related cognitive deterioration and certain neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, are characterized by complex relationships between interrelated biological phenotypes. Thus, alternative strategies that simultaneously target multiple underlying mechanisms may represent a more effective approach to prevention, which is a strategic priority of the National Alzheimer's Project Act and the National Institute on Aging.