Prediction of difficult round window visibility during cochlear implantation via a reformatted CT facial recess view: A retrospective study with surgical correlation.

Background And Purpose: Cochlear implant surgery is performed commonly through the facial recess via the round window (RW) approach. This study aims to evaluate the utility of reformatting the pre-operative CT temporal bone scan into a CT facial recess view in alerting surgeons to a potentially difficult surgery with poorly visualized round window.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 41 patients (43 ears), who had undergone cochlear implant surgery.

Evaluation of Compressed SENSE on Image Quality and Reduction of MRI Acquisition Time: A Clinical Validation Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the effect of compressed SENSE (CS) in clinical settings on scan time reduction and image quality.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from different anatomical regions were acquired, consisting of a standard protocol sequence (SS) and sequence accelerated with CS. Anonymized paired sequences were randomly displayed and rated by six blinded subspecialty radiologists.

Large solitary lytic skull vault lesions in adults: radiological review with pathological correlation.

The diagnosis of a large solitary lytic skull vault lesion in adults is a challenge due to variable aggressiveness and overlapping features. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the use of an imaging approach to narrow the differential diagnosis when a large solitary lytic skull vault lesion is encountered. The initial imaging assessment using computed tomography (CT) is invaluable in determining lesion aggressiveness based on bony margins and skull tables involvement.

The pancreatic and extrapancreatic manifestations of IgG4-related disease.

The association between immunoglobulin IgG4 and autoimmune pancreatitis was first shown in 2001. Since then many previously established fibrosclerotic diseases demonstrating synchronous or metachronous multiorgan involvement have been included within the ambit of IgG4-related disease. Diagnostic criteria have been proposed involving 1) serum IgG4 level elevated beyond 135 mg/dL, 2) IgG4+ to IgG+ plasma cell ratio > 40% and >10 IgG4+ cells per high power field of biopsy sample and 3) a constellation of imaging features which involve a variety of organ systems.

Clinicoradiologic features distinguish tumefactive multiple sclerosis from CNS neoplasms.

Background: There are limited data to guide clinicians in differentiating tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) from CNS neoplasms. Identifying distinguishing features will inform diagnosis and management and avoid unnecessary diagnostic biopsy. Our study aimed to determine the clinical and radiologic features that differentiate TMS from glioma and CNS lymphoma (CNSL) in patients who present with tumefactive lesions.

[A young woman with progressive cerebral atrophy].

A 21-year-old patient suffering from neurofibromatosis type 1 had received radiotherapy for a chiasm glioma 17 years ago. Fourteen years later, there was progressive deterioration of several neurological functions. MRI scans showed a progressively increasing volume loss of the left hemisphere and stenoses around the circle of Willis with secondary parenchymal effects.

Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in young infants.

Many imaging techniques are available for the detection of hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in young infants.This paper presents an overview of the imaging fi ndings in hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury with an emphasis on MR imaging.

Do apparent diffusion coefficient measurements predict outcome in children with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?

Background And Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) permits early detection and quantification of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain lesions. Our aim was to assess the predictive value of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for outcome in children with perinatal asphyxia.

Materials And Methods: Term neonates underwent MR imaging within 10 days after birth because of asphyxia.

Is there a way to predict outcome in (near) term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy based on MR imaging?

Background And Purpose: It has previously been demonstrated that comparison of signal intensity (SI) between selected brain structures on T1-weighted images enables distinction between the absence or presence of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in young infants. The aim of the present study was to assess whether this method of brain structure T1-weighted SI comparison also enables prediction of outcome.

Materials And Methods: Survivors of a group of 57 children with neonatal HI encephalopathy (HIE) grade 2 or 3 according to Sarnat and Sarnat and controls who underwent neonatal MR imaging were retrospectively assigned to 1 of 3 outcome groups at 5 years of age, depending on developmental outcome: 1) normal, 2) mildly abnormal, and 3) definitely abnormal.

Comparing brain white matter on sequential cranial ultrasound and MRI in very preterm infants.

Introduction: Periventricular white matter (WM) echodensities, frequently seen in preterm infants, can be associated with suboptimal neurodevelopment. Major WM injury is well detected on cranial ultrasound (cUS). cUS seems less sensitive for diffuse or more subtle WM injury.

Prediction of short-term neurological outcome in full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy based on combined use of electroencephalogram and neuro-imaging.

Background: In infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), prediction of the prognosis is based on clinical, neuro-imaging and neurophysiological parameters.

Methods: EEG, cranial ultrasound, MRI and follow-up findings of 23 infants (GA 35-42 weeks) with HIE were studied retrospectively to assess 1) the contribution of ultrasound, MRI and EEG in predicting outcome, 2) the accuracy of ultrasound as compared to MRI, and 3) whether patterns of brain damage and EEG findings are associated.

Results: An abnormal EEG background pattern was highly predictive of adverse outcome [positive predictive value (PPV) 0.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: diagnostic value of conventional MR imaging pulse sequences in term-born neonates.

Purpose: To retrospectively compare different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques and pulse sequences for the depiction of brain injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived informed consent. Term-born neonates underwent MR imaging within 10 days after birth because of perinatal asphyxia.

Differentiation between peritrigonal terminal zones and hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury on MRI.

The differentiation between terminal zones and pathological signal intensity changes on MRI of children and young adults is of diagnostic importance. We assessed the diagnostic value of several morphological features on MRI to differentiate between terminal zones and hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. We selected all brain MRI examinations performed in subjects up to 20 years of age showing increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the peritrigonal areas.

Differentiating normal myelination from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy on T1-weighted MR Images: a new approach.

Background And Purpose: Hypoxic-ischemic cerebral changes can be difficult to distinguish from normal myelination on T1-weighted images. We hypothesized that comparing signal intensity (SI) of brain structures on T1-weighted images enables differentiation of myelination from hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Materials And Methods: T1-weighted images, obtained in 57 infants aged 1-104 days and born after a gestational age of 35 weeks or older, were retrospectively evaluated.

MRI supported diagnosis and counselling in a family with a probably autosomal recessive form of pachygyria.

Objectives: To describe the use of fetal MRI as an adjunct to high-resolution ultrasound in parental counselling in a family with a central nervous system (CNS) abnormality, resembling the agyria-pachyria complex, of probably autosomal recessive inheritance.

Methods: Description of the use of fetal MRI as an adjunct to high-resolution ultrasound in three consecutive pregnancies in a family with a CNS abnormality.

Results: Fetal MRI, by showing more detailed abnormalities of the CNS, proved to be very useful in parental counselling because of the definitive diagnosis available early in pregnancy.

The value of MR angiography techniques in the detection of head and neck paragangliomas.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare three-dimensional phase-contrast angiography (3D PCA), 2D time-of-flight (2D TOF), and 3D TOF magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and a proton density weighted technique in terms of their ability to detect head and neck paragangliomas.

Materials And Methods: 14 patients with 29 paragangliomas were examined at 1.5 T.

Hyperechogenicity of the thalamus and basal ganglia in very preterm infants: radiological findings and short-term neurological outcome.

Cerebral ultrasound of preterm infants may show diffuse, bilateral, hyperechogenic "haze" over the thalami and basal ganglia (hyperechogenicity BGT). We explored whether this could be a pathological phenomenon. All cerebral ultrasound examinations performed in 2001 on infants < 35 weeks of age were reviewed.

Laparoscopy for the treatment of women with endometrial cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a laparoscopic approach for the management of endometrial cancer.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Regional hospital, Hong Kong.

MR angiography of the intracranial venous system.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of different imaging planes at time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and phase-contrast MR angiography in the visualization of the normal intracranial venous system.

Materials And Methods: In 12 healthy volunteers, two-dimensional (2D) TOF MR angiography and three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast MR angiography were performed in transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes. All data were displayed as maximum intensity projection (MIP) images.

Optic nerve glioma mimicking an optic nerve meningioma.

The case is described of an optic nerve glioma, mimicking an optic nerve meningioma in a man aged 41 years. CT, MRI and DSA revealed an enhancing tumor surrounding the optic nerve. Histopathologic examination of the removed optic nerve revealed a centrally located glioma surrounded by normal optic nerve fibres.