Reproducibility and within-subject variability of HRK-9000A meibography in normal young participants.

Purpose: Reliable assessment is critical for diagnosing and managing meibomian gland dysfunction. Multi-functional diagnostic devices, such as meibographers, streamline clinical workflows by integrating multiple ocular assessments. Ensuring reproducibility across examiners is vital for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of treatment.

The Effect of Prism Presentation Order on Near Vertical Fusional Vergence Ranges of Normal Young Adults.

Purpose:  Fusional vergence ranges (FVR) quantify the oculomotor system's ability to overcome heterophoria, playing a critical role in diagnosis and treatment. This study investigated the effect of prism order on near vertical FVR using the smooth and step methods.

Methods:  Normal participants were randomly assigned to either the smooth or step testing method and to Base-Up (BU, infravergence) first or Base Down (BD, supravergence) first prism type.

Complications and compliance in professionally-managed and self-managed contact lenses compared with non-contact lens wearers.

Purpose: To test the impact of professional management of soft contact lens wear on symptoms and ocular complications.

Methods: Subjective symptoms and ocular complications of soft CL users who did not seek professional follow-up care (self-managed, SM), were compared to users who were prescribed CLs and their care professionally managed in optometry practices (PM), and to a control group of non-CL wearers. Habitual visual acuity, subjective dry-eye symptoms, and corneal abnormalities were assessed in all participants.

Assessment of large-diameter and small-diameter SoftK specialty contact lenses for early-stage keratoconus.

Introduction: Soft contact lenses may be a good alternative for early-stage keratoconus (KC) patients who do not tolerate rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses due to ocular discomfort or complications. This prospective study compared outcomes obtained after 2 weeks of wearing two types of soft silicone hydrogel contact lenses for keratoconus that varied in their diameter and central thickness (cc).

Methods: Patients with Amsler-Krumeich grades I or II KC were fitted with small-diameter (14.

Assessment of a Clinical Test for Detection of Alteration in Visual Perception Due to Astigmatism.

Purpose: Astigmatism blurs the retinal image of a circular spot along a particular orientation rendering it an elliptical shape. Astigmatic patients demonstrate adaptation to residual astigmatic blur that may affect their discrimination between oval and circular targets. The Wilkins Egg and Ball Test (WEBT) was created to detect altered visual perception due to residual astigmatic blur by discriminating a circle within a row of oval elements.

Contact lens wear and follow-up and its association with signs and symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction.

Introduction: This study investigated the equivocal association between contact lens (CL) wear and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by comparing the morphological, functional and subjective outcomes of CL wearers versus control, non-CL wearers. CL wearers were examined as two cohorts based on the annual attendance of follow-up visits (FLU-attended these visits, whereas non-FLU did not).

Methods: Habitual logMAR visual acuity, invasive and non-invasive tear break-up time, Schirmer test, Efron grading scales, meibum quality score (MQS), meibum expressibility score (MES), meibomian gland (MG) loss, lid margin abnormalities and subjective dry eye (DE) symptoms were assessed.

Refractive error of canine cataract patients following implantation with three types of intraocular lenses.

Objective: To evaluate refractive state outcomes following phacoemulsification and implantation of 3 different intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Animals: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 43 client-owned dogs undergoing phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.

Methods: Eyes were randomized to receive either an-vision Fo-X (n = 26), an-vision MD8 (18), or I-MED I-LENS (24) IOL.

A retinoscopic survey of donkeys and goats.

Purpose: Assess the refractive states of donkeys and goats.

Methods: Forty-two donkeys and 28 goats were enrolled. The mean ± SD ages were 7.

Repeatability and reproducibility of Cobra HD fundus camera meibography in young adults with and without symptoms of dry eye.

Purpose: The inter-session repeatability (ISR), inter-examiner reproducibility (IER) and within-subject variability (WSV) of the Cobra HD fundus camera meibographer were examined in participants with and without dry eye symptoms.

Methods: Symptoms were determined based on Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (≥13 being considered symptomatic), and subgroups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Images of meibomian glands (MGs) from the upper and lower right eyelids were captured by two examiners on the same day (S1) to determine IER.

Validation of the DYOP visual acuity test.

Purpose: The dynamic optotype (DYOP) visual acuity (VA) test is based on motion detection rather than element resolution and has been proposed for routine clinical assessment. This investigation examined the validity, inter- and intra-session repeatability and subjective preference for the DYOP versus a static letter chart and examined its utility in detecting astigmatic defocus.

Methods: VA of 103 participants was measured three times with the letter and DYOP charts and repeated within two weeks in 75 participants who also rated their subjective experience.

Topical review of the relationship between contact lens wear and meibomian gland dysfunction.

Contact lens (CL) wearers often suffer from ocular discomfort, which leads to cessation of CL wear. About 30% to 50% of CL wearers complain of dry eye (DE) symptoms. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is considered the most common cause of evaporative DE.

Convergence insufficiency: Review of clinical diagnostic signs.

Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision (BV) disorder characterized by difficulty in maintaining motor fusion at near, which affects approximately 7.5 percent of the population. Diagnostic criteria for the disorder are inconsistent, ranging from one to many clinical signs.

Agreement and inter-session repeatability of manual and automatic interpupillary distance measurements.

Background: Interpupillary distance (IPD) is important in developmental anatomy, genetics, design of optical instrumentation, ocular diagnostics, and optical prescribing. IPD frequently is measured on different days, and by either automatic pupillometers (physiological measurement) or manual ruler (anatomical measurement). Therefore, there is importance in the agreement and inter-session repeatability of manual and automatic IPD measurements.

Naturally-occurring myopia and loss of cone function in a sheep model of achromatopsia.

Achromatopsia is an inherited retinal disease characterized by loss of cone photoreceptor function. Day blind CNGA3 mutant Improved Awassi sheep provide a large animal model for achromatopsia. This study measured refractive error and axial length parameters of the eye in this model and evaluated chromatic pupillary light reflex (cPLR) testing as a potential screening test for loss of cone function.

Synchronization of a Removable Optical Element with an Eye Tracker: Test Case for Heterophoria Measurement.

Purpose: Heterophoria describes the deviation of the optical axes in the absence of binocular fusion. Eye trackers (ET) can provide an objective assessment but are not broadly used clinically. We examined the feasibility of combining an infrared (IR) pass-filter, IR detector, and an off-the-shelf ET.

Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position.

Aim: To detect alphabet patterns in a group of patients without strabismus and to determine whether they induced any convergence insufficiency type symptoms.

Methods: Data on subjective refraction, distance and near heterophoria, distance and near positive fusional vergence (BO), near point of convergence (NPC), measurements of upgaze and downgaze made 45° above and below the primary position with alternate cover test and a prism bar at a distance of 37.5 cm, were collected from participants of two clinics.

Reading speed of patients with infantile nystagmus for text in different orientations.

Two case studies in the literature report on patients with infantile nystagmus (IN) who preferred to read text that is oriented vertically rather than horizontally. The current study systematically evaluated the effect of text orientation (-60 to +90 deg with respect to horizontal) on reading speed in nine individuals with IN associated with albinism at Hadassah Academic College (HAC), seven individuals with IN at the University of Houston (UH), and a total of 17 normal control observers. Observers at HAC read 40-character passages of Hebrew text from standardized 2nd grade level reading material and observers at UH read MNRead acuity chart sentences.

Validation of refraction and anterior segment parameters by a new multi-diagnostic platform (VX120).

Background: The VX120 (Visionix Luneau, France) is a novel multi-diagnostic platform that combines Hartmann-Shack based autorefraction, Placido-disk based corneal-topography and anterior segment measurements made with a stationary-Scheimpflug camera. We investigate the agreement between different parameters measured by the VX120 with accepted or gold-standard techniques to test if they are interchangeable, as well as to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility.

Methods: The right-eyes of healthy subjects were included in the study.

The Discrepancy between Subjective and Objective Measures of Convergence Insufficiency in Whiplash-Associated Disorder versus Control Participants.

Purpose: Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a pandemic associated with human suffering and a burden to national economies. Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) after MVAs are associated commonly with disability claims, many of which are related to vision. Convergence insufficiency (CI) leads to visual disability associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort.

A survey of the criteria for prescribing in cases of borderline refractive errors.

Purpose: This research investigated the reported optometric prescribing criteria of Israeli optometrists.

Methods: An online questionnaire based on previous studies was distributed via email and social networking sites to optometrists in Israel. The questionnaire surveyed the level of refractive error at which respondents would prescribe for different types of refractive error at various ages with and without symptoms.

Can the red-green duochrome test be used prior to correcting the refractive cylinder component?

Purpose: A primary task of the eye care professional is determining the refraction, or optical correction, of a patient. The duochrome red-green test is a standard tool for verification of the final refraction. Traditionally, it is recommended for use both prior to and subsequent to determining the cylindrical or astigmatic component of the refraction.

Prevalence of choroidal naevi using scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of choroidal naevi in a healthy population using an ultra-wide scanning laser ophthalmoscope which can capture up to a 200° field of view of the retina, without pupil dilation.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from a college population. Each subject underwent an eye examination that included retinal and choroidal imaging using the Optos scanning laser ophthalmoscope and completed a self-administered questionnaire.