Long-Term Clinical, Radiological, and Mortality Outcomes Following Pneumonitis in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Analysis.

Aims: Despite known short-term mortality risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis, its impact on 1-year mortality, long-term pulmonary function, symptom persistence, and radiological resolution remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 71 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD(L)1 monoclonal antibodies between 2018-2021, who developed pneumonitis. Clinical and demographic covariates were collected from electronic medical record.

The hidden acceleration pump uncovers the role of shellfish in oceanic carbon sequestration.

Whether shellfish mariculture should be included in the blue carbon profile as a strategy to combat climate change has been controversial. It is highly demanding not only to provide calibration quantitation, but also to provide an ecosystem-based mechanism. In this study, we chose mussel farms as a case study to evaluate their contributions to carbon sinks and their responses to sedimentary carbon fixation and sequestration.

Understanding the Role of Spin State in Cobalt Oxyhydroxides for Water Oxidation.

Although the electronic state of catalysts is strongly corrected with their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances, understanding the role of spin state in dynamic electronic structure evolution during OER process is still challenging. Herein, we developed a spin state regulation strategy to boost the OER performance of CoOOH through elemental doping (CoMOOH, M=V, Cr, Mn, Co and Cu). Experimental results including magnetic characterization, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman and density functional theory calculations unveil that Mn doping could successfully increase the Co sites from low spin state to intermediate spin state, leading to the largest lattice distortion and smallest energy gap between d and d orbitals among the obtained CoMOOH electrocatalysts.

Achieving Superior Cyclability Pouch Cells with Oxygen Vacancy-Moderated P'2/P3 Hybrid Layered Sodium Cathode Materials.

Layered P2-type sodium manganese oxide has emerged as a promising cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries due to its appealing cost-effectiveness and high discharge voltage. However, its practical capacity within the voltage range of 2.0-4.

Identification of surface urban heat versus cool islands for arid cities depends on the choice of urban and rural definitions.

The urban heat island (UHI) effect in arid cities can be small or even negative, the latter known as the urban cool island (UCI) effect. Differences in defining urban and rural areas can introduce uncertainties in detecting UHI or UCI, especially when the UHI signal is small. Here, we compared the surface UHI intensity (SUHII) estimated by a dozen different methods (with multiple urban and/or rural definitions) across 104 arid cities globally, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the uncertainty in SUHII estimates.

Targeting the Cascade Amplification of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor to Alleviate the Immunosuppressive Effects Following Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) serves as the primary treatment for solid tumors. Its potential to incite an immune response against tumors both locally and distally profoundly impacts clinical outcomes. However, RT may also promote the accumulation of immunosuppressive cytokines and immunosuppressive cells, greatly impeding the activation of antitumor immune responses and substantially limiting the effectiveness of RT.

Strong upwards transport of HONO in daytime over urban area of Beijing, China.

Strong upwards transport of Nitrous acid (HONO) in daytime over urban area of Beijing was observed based on combined observations of HONO, NOx (NO and NO2), nitrate, and PM at two heights (90 m and 528 m) on the highest building of Beijing (528 m above ground). The mean HONO at the 528 m (0.26 ppb) was lower than that at the 90 m (0.

The association between cytomegalovirus infection and neurodegenerative diseases: a prospective cohort using UK Biobank data.

Background: Certain viral infections have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and five neurodegenerative diseases, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and related syndromes, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and disorders of the autonomic nervous system (DANS).

Methods: This prospective cohort included white British individuals who underwent CMV testing in the UK Biobank from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2021.

TDP-43 ameliorates aging-related cartilage degradation through preventing chondrocyte senescence.

Senescent chondrocytes or signaling mechanisms leading to senescence are promising new therapeutic approaches for ameliorating cartilage degradation. Herein, we show that the transactive response DNA/RNA-binding protein (TDP-43) regulates chondrocyte senescence and ameliorates cartilage degradation. First, a significant decrease in TDP-43 was observed in 16-month-old mice compared with younger mice.

Manipulation of Exchange Bias in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Ferromagnet Near Room Temperature.

As a host for exchange bias (EB), van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have exhibited intriguing and distinct functionalities from conventional magnetic materials. The EB in most vdW systems is far below room temperature, which poses a challenge for practical applications. Here, by using Kerr microscopy, we demonstrate a record-high blocking temperature that approaches room temperature and a huge positive EB field that nears 2 kOe at 100 K in naturally oxidized two-dimensional (2D) vdW ferromagnetic FeGaTe nanoflakes.

Application of the Biological Toxicity Effect Ratio (BER) Method for Advancing Water Quality Criteria Derivation.

Water quality criteria (WQC) serve as a scientific foundation for pollutant risk assessment and control in aquatic ecosystems. The development of regionally differentiated WQC tailored to specific regional characteristics has become an emerging trend. However, the current WQC is constrained by a lack of regional species toxicity data.

Highly efficient AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes: from bandgap engineering to device craft.

AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) spectral range (210-280 nm) have demonstrated potential applications in physical sterilization. However, the poor external quantum efficiency (EQE) hinders further advances in the emission performance of AlGaN-based DUV LEDs. Here, we demonstrate the performance of 270-nm AlGaN-based DUV LEDs beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting the innovative combination of bandgap engineering and device craft.

Androgen deprivation exacerbates AD pathology by promoting the loss of microglia in an age-dependent manner.

Aims: Microglial cells are integral to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The observed sex disparity in AD prevalence, with a notable predominance in women, implies a potential influence of sex hormones, such as androgens, on disease mechanisms. Despite this, the specific effects of androgens on microglia remain unclear.

Effect of different techniques on removal of residual resin cement and marginal roughness of porcelain laminate veneers.

Statement Of Problem: A consensus regarding how to effectively remove residual resin cement and polish the restoration margin during the cementation of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) is lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different cleaning and polishing techniques on the removal of residual resin cement and margin surface roughness of PLVs.

Material And Methods: PLVs were bonded to prepared buccal surfaces of extracted human premolars.

Patterning damage mechanisms for two-dimensional crystalline polymers and evaluation for a conjugated imine-based polymer.

High-quality patterning determines the properties of patterned emerging two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers and is essential for potential applications in future electronic nanodevices. However, the most suitable patterning method for 2D polymers has yet to be determined because we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of their damage mechanisms by visualizing the structural modification that occurs during the patterning process. Here, the damage mechanisms during patterning of 2D polymers, induced by various patterning methods, are unveiled based on a systematic study of structural damage and edge morphology in an imine-based 2D polymer (polyimine).

Inhibition of XPR1-dependent phosphate efflux induces mitochondrial dysfunction: A potential molecular target therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1) is the only known transporter associated with Pi efflux in mammals, and its impact on tumor progression is gradually being revealed. However, the role of XPR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. A bioinformatics screen for the phosphate exporter XPR1 was performed in HCC patients.

Associations of BMI growth rates and body composition with cardiometabolic risks in Chinese preschool children.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) growth rates, body composition, and cardiometabolic markers in preschool children.

Methods: Three-year-old children were recruited for this cohort study. BMI and body composition measurements were obtained at enrollment, with multiple BMI measurements spanning ages 1 month to 3 years extracted from medical records.

Investigation of SrBO:Tm luminescence for temperature imaging with high sensitivity based on time-resolved luminescence.

In recent years, with the growing demand for non-contact and real-time optical temperature measurements, it has become imperative to develop new luminescent thermometry materials as well as novel temperature detection schemes with higher sensitivity. In this work, a series of SrBO:Tm ( = 0.001-0.

Multimodal tactile sensing fused with vision for dexterous robotic housekeeping.

As robots are increasingly participating in our daily lives, the quests to mimic human abilities have driven the advancements of robotic multimodal senses. However, current perceptual technologies still unsatisfied robotic needs for home tasks/environments, particularly facing great challenges in multisensory integration and fusion, rapid response capability, and highly sensitive perception. Here, we report a flexible tactile sensor utilizing thin-film thermistors to implement multimodal perceptions of pressure, temperature, matter thermal property, texture, and slippage.

Plantago asiatica seed as a protective agent for mitigating metals toxicity on Penaeusvannamei.

Plantago asiatica seeds (PS) are commonly used as a medicinal plant. This study investigates the efficacy of PS against heavy metal toxicity in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). After feeding PS diet (5 g/kg) or basal diet (control group) for 7 days, shrimps were exposed to sublethal concentrations of heavy metals in seawater (As: 12 mg/L, Pb: 250 mg/L, Hg: 0.

Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Abnormalities in School-Aged Children and Adolescents.

The objective of this study is to explore the associations between obesity, body composition, and the self-reported risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to examine whether the risk of OSA is related to metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Utilizing data from the 2022 to 2023 Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort baseline survey, 5000 school-aged participants were analyzed. OSA risk was assessed via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, with anthropometric and body composition measurements taken.

Alpha sensory stimulation modulates theta phase during speech-print associative learning.

Applying 10 Hz (α-rate) sensory stimulation, not 5 Hz (θ-rate), prior to introducing novel speech-print pairs can reset the phase of θ oscillations and enhance associative learning. This rapid gain indicates coordinated mechanisms to regulate attentional/cognitive resources (α oscillations) and facilitate memory storage (θ oscillations) early in learning. The present findings may inform educational practices for children with reading difficulties.