PD-1 deficiency aggravates spinal cord injury by regulating the reprogramming of NG2 glia and activating the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder and a leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Multiple studies have reported the upregulation of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) following SCI. However, the underlying mechanism of PD-1 deficiency in SCI is not well established.

Enhanced inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase and anti-thrombotic activity of a rutin derivative: rutin:Zn complex.

Rutin is a flavonoid that exists in plants and in commonly consumed foods. In recent years, rutin has been demonstrated to have anti-thrombotic efficacy through its inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase. However, the low aqueous solubility and high dose limit the therapeutic applications of rutin.

Diagnostic accuracy of cervical spine imaging to predict thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Retrospective chart review.

Purpose: To analyze the significance of ossification index of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament as a risk factor for thoracic OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament) in patients with cervical OPLL.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of cervical OPLL patients in Changzheng hospital, who received chest CT scans for screening of COVID-19, and included 87 patients into this study. According to the radiographic evidence, 87 patients were divided into CT group(cervical OPLL combined with thoracic OPLL）and C group(cervical OPLL group).

Converting inert AlOOH into efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction via structural/electronic modulation.

Efficient and stable water-splitting electrocatalysts play a key role to obtain green and clean hydrogen energy. However, only a few kinds of materials display an intrinsically good performance towards water splitting. It is significant but challengeable to effectively improve the catalytic activity of inert or less active catalysts for water splitting.

Identification of Antithrombotic Natural Products Targeting the Major Substrate Binding Pocket of Protein Disulfide Isomerase.

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a vital oxidoreductase. Extracellular PDI promotes thrombus formation but does not affect physiological blood hemostasis. Inhibition of extracellular PDI has been demonstrated as a promising strategy for antithrombotic treatment.

Flavonoids as Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors: Key Molecular and Structural Features for the Interaction.

Quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) is a bioflavonoid that is common in foods. The finding that quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibits protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and potently blocks thrombosis has enabled the evaluation of PDI inhibition in multiple animal models of thrombus formation and has prompted clinical studies of PDI inhibition in thrombosis. Nonetheless, how quercetin-3-rutinoside blocks PDI activity remains an unanswered question.

Cyclic Tensile Stress to Rat Thoracolumbar Ligamentum Flavum Inducing the Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum: An In Vivo Experimental Study.

Study Design: Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), radiological, and histological analyses of the rat ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) induced by cyclic tensile stress.

Objective: The aim of this study was to induce the OLF using cyclic tensile stress to rat thoracolumbar ligamentum flavum, and to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of tension-induced OLF.

Summary Of Background Data: Tensile stress has been considered as an important factor leading to the OLF.

Osthole enhances the bone mass of senile osteoporosis and stimulates the expression of osteoprotegerin by activating β-catenin signaling.

Introduction: Osthole has a potential therapeutic application for anti-osteoporosis. The present study verified whether osthole downregulates osteoclastogenesis via targeting OPG.

Methods: In vivo, 12-month-old male mice were utilized to evaluate the effect of osthole on bone mass.

Prevalence of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Cervical Spine 3D CT Observations in 7210 Cases.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Summary Of Background Data: OPLL of the cervical spine is one of the main entities of DCM in Asian populations.

Long Non-coding RNA XIST May Influence Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Through Regulation of miR-17-5P/AHNAK/BMP2 Signaling Pathway.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of bone-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA X inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the occurrence of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Here, primary human ligament fibroblasts cells (LFCs) were isolated from 30 cases of OPLL and 30 normal cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (non-OPLL) tissues to perform the qPCR and Western blot assay.

Reconstructing spinal dura-like tissue using electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes and dermal fibroblasts to seamlessly repair spinal dural defects in goats.

Many neuro- and spinal surgeries involving access to the underlying nervous tissue will cause defect of spinal dural mater, further resulting in cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The current work was thus aimed to develop a package which included two layers of novel electrospun membranes, dermal fibroblasts and mussel adhesive protein for repairing spinal dural defect. The inner layer is electrospun fibrous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membrane with oriented microstructure (O-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)), which was used as a substrate to anchor dermal fibroblasts as seed cells to reconstitute dura-like tissue via tissue engineering technique.

Longer plate-to-disc distance prevents adjacent-level ossification development but does not influence adjacent-segment degeneration.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Objective: To clarify the association between plate-to-disc distance (PDD) and adjacent-level ossification development (ALOD) and adjacent segment degeneration (ASD).

Summary Of Background Data: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating provides higher fusion rate and improved alignment but has been reported to result in ALOD and ASD.

Management and Outcomes of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Associated With Anterior Decompression for Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament With or Without Dural Ossification.

Study Design: A retrospective clinical study.

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the clinical outcomes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after anterior decompression for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) with or without dural ossification (DO).

Summary Of Background Data: Anterior decompression can be highly efficacious in the treatment of OPLL.

Evaluation of a new type of titanium mesh cage versus the traditional titanium mesh cage for single-level, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.

Study Design: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data in an academic institution.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new type of titanium mesh cage (TMC) in single-level, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).

Methods: Fifty-eight patients consecutive with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) from cervical degenerative spondylosis and isolated ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were treated with a single-level ACCF using either a new type of TMC (28 patients, group A) or the traditional TMC (30 patients, group B).

Posterior hybrid technique for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament associated with segmental instability in the cervical spine.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Objective: To discuss the indications for a posterior hybrid technique for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) associated with segmental instability in the cervical spine and evaluate its effectiveness and safety.

Summary Of Background Data: Dynamic factors have been shown to play an important role in the progression of ossification and OPLL myelopathy.