The individualized treatment for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in adolescent: a single center' s retrospective study.

Background: Pectus carinatum (PC) mainly present at the growth spurt time of the early teenage years or the puberty. Poor outer appearance is a major reason for seeking help for surgeons to increase self-confidence and self-esteem. At present, minimally invasive repair (MIR) is one of effective ways to correct the chest wall deformity.

Surgical treatment of neonatal Cantrell pentalogy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a congenital multiple malformation consisting of midline supraumbilical thoracoabdominal wall defects, anterior and pericardial diaphragm defects, lower sternum defects, ectopia cordis and various intracardiac anomalies, that present a distinctive challenge for care-providers and surgeons.

Case Description: Cases of PC in twin pregnancies is rare. We report a new born infant, weighing 2,400 g, the younger twin.

A multi-module soft robotic arm with soft actuator for minimally invasive surgery.

Background: Compared to traditional rigid robotic arms, soft robotic arms are flexible, environmentally adaptable and biocompatible. Recently, most minimally invasive cardiac procedures still rely on traditional rigid surgical tools. However, rigid tools lack sufficient bending angles, which are high-risk in terms of contact with tissues and organs.

Clinical Image Feature Analysis and Diagnostic Efficacy Evaluation of Pulmonary Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations in Children: Based on a Single Center, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: A single center, retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical image features and diagnostic efficiency of pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) in children.

Methods: The starting and ending time of this study is from May 2019 to December 2021. This study included 200 children with CPAM diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and postpartum CT imaging (aged from 1 hour to 3 years), including 103 males and 97 females.

Compression Elastography and Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography for Measurement of Brain Elasticity in Full-Term and Premature Neonates: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: To investigate the brain tissue elasticity in normal term and premature neonates using compression elastography and shear wave elastography.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled term and premature neonates admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between July 2019 and December 2020.

Results: A total of 106 neonates, including 65 premature neonates and 41 term neonates, were enrolled.

Relationship of Amniotic Fluid Sludge and Short Cervix With a High Rate of Preterm Birth in Women After Cervical Cerclage.

Objective: We aims to determine the relationship of amniotic fluid sludge (AFS) and/or short cervical length (CL, ≤25 mm) with a high rate of preterm birth in women after cervical cerclage.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among singleton pregnancies after cervical cerclage between January 2018 and December 2021. A total of 296 patients who underwent transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate CL and the presence of AFS within 2 weeks after cerclage were included.

The expression and function of programmed death-ligand 1 and related cytokines in neutrophilic asthma.

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immune checkpoint inhibitor. Recent studies suggest that the PD-L1-mediated pathway may be a promising target in allergic asthma. However, the mechanism by which PD-L1 represses neutrophilic asthma (NA) remains unclear.

A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for Dual Validation of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Purpose: The fully automatic AI-Sonic computer-aided design (CAD) system was employed for the detection and diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the AI-Sonic CAD system with the use of a deep learning algorithm to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA).

Methods: A total of 138 thyroid nodules were collected from 124 patients and diagnosed by an expert, a novice, and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS).

Combined thoraco-laparoscopic surgery for neonatal alimentary tract duplication.

Transdiaphragmatic duplication of digestive tract in infants is very rare. Open surgery is the main surgical treatment. We report the clinical data of a child with gastrointestinal duplication across the diaphragm who underwent thoraco-laparoscopic surgery at 12 days were retrospectively analyzed, and to explore the experience of thoraco-laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of alimentary tract duplication across the diaphragm in children, we believe minimally invasive surgical resection using thoracolaparoscopy is safe, effective and clinically feasible, focusing on the skilled use of the technique to achieve the ideal surgical effect and appearance.

Convolutional Neural Network for Breast and Thyroid Nodules Diagnosis in Ultrasound Imaging.

Objective: The incidence of superficial organ diseases has increased rapidly in recent years. New methods such as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) are widely used to improve diagnostic efficiency. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most popular methods, and further improvements of CNNs should be considered.

Progress in the Application of Ultrasound Elastography for Brain Diseases.

Ultrasound (US) can be used to evaluate the brain structure and nervous system damage. Patients with neurologic symptoms need rapid, noninvasive imaging with high spatial resolution and tissue contrast. Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the most sensitive and specific imaging method for evaluating neuropathologic conditions.

Update on thyroid ultrasound: a narrative review from diagnostic criteria to artificial intelligence techniques.

Objective: Ultrasound imaging is well known to play an important role in the detection of thyroid disease, but the management of thyroid ultrasound remains inconsistent. Both standardized diagnostic criteria and new ultrasound technologies are essential for improving the accuracy of thyroid ultrasound. This study reviewed the global guidelines of thyroid ultrasound and analyzed their common characteristics for basic clinical screening.

Dynamic changes and clinical significance of LXA in the perioperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Dynamic changes in lipoxin A (LXA) in child patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), in the perioperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied. Peripheral blood was collected from 16 child patients (CPB group) before operation (Tc), after operation (T0), at 1 day after operation (T1), at 3 days after operation (T3), and at 7 days after operation (T7); and from 17 children with no CHD (control group). The level of LXA in peripheral blood was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Ultrasound in neonatal lung disease.

Lung diseases in neonates can be life-threatening condition and may result in respiratory failure and death. Chest X-ray is a traditional diagnostic technique that results in radiation exposure to patients. Lung ultrasound is a user-friendly imaging technique that has been increasingly used in clinical practice in recent years and presents the advantages of real-time imaging and without radiation.

Carboxymethyl-hexanoyl Chitosan Nanodroplets for Ultrasonic Imaging and Drug Delivery to Tumor.

Introduction: Although a great many strategies have been proposed for tumor-targeted chemotherapy, current delivery methods of anticancer drugs present limited success with inevitable systemic toxicity. The aim of this study was to develop a new kind of theranostic carrier for targeted tumor therapy.

Methods: Prior to prepare CHC-PFP-DOX, carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (CHC) was synthesized by acylation of carboxymethyl chitosan.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass Down-Regulates NOD Signaling and Inflammatory Response in Children with Congenital Heart Disease.

In the present study, we aimed to examine the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on expression and function of NOD1 and NOD2 in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), in an attempt to clarify whether NOD1 and NOD2 signaling is involved in the modulation of host innate immunity against postoperative infection in pediatric CHD patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from pediatric CHD patients at five different time points: before CPB, immediately after CPB, and 1, 3, and 7 days after CPB. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to measure the expression of NOD1 and NOD2, their downstream signaling pathways, and inflammatory cytokines at various time points.

Application of molecular imaging technologies in antitumor drug development and therapy.

Molecular imaging enables noninvasive characterization, quantification and visualization of biological and pathological processes in vivo at cellular and molecular level. It plays an important role in drug discovery and development. The skillful use of molecular imaging can provide unique insights into disease processes, which greatly aid in identifications of target.

The compromised inflammatory response to bacterial components after pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with cardiopulmonary bypass-suppressed Toll-like receptor signal transduction pathways.

Purpose: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during pediatric cardiac surgery often elicits a systemic inflammatory response followed by a compromised immune response, which has been attributed to the morbidity of postoperative infection; however, the underlying mechanism(s) has not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that CPB inhibits the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction pathways, thereby causing an immunosuppressive state after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods: We examined 20 children with congenital heart disease undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery.