Retrospective study on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 2.8 mm diameter implants supporting fixed prostheses up to 11 years.

Objectives: This study aimed to report the clinical and radiographic results of 2.8 mm two-piece narrow diameter implant (NDI) supporting fixed restorations.

Materials And Methods: Clinical and radiographic data of 54 NDIs in 32 patients were retrospectively assessed after 2 to 11 (mean 8.

Smartphone applications for facial scanning: A technical and scoping review.

Introduction: Facial scanning through smartphone scanning applications (SSA) is increasingly being used for medical applications as cost-effective, chairside method. However, clinical validation is lacking. This review aims to address: (1) Which SSA could perform facial scanning? (2) Which SSA can be clinically used? (3) Which SSA have been reported and scientifically validated for medical applications?

Methods: Technical search for SSA designed for face or object scanning was conducted on Google, Apple App Store, and Google Play Store from August 2022 to December 2023.

IRE1α pathway: A potential bone metabolism mediator.

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts collaborate in bone metabolism, facilitating bone development, maintaining normal bone density and strength, and aiding in the repair of pathological damage. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can disrupt the intracellular equilibrium between osteoclast and osteoblast, resulting in dysfunctional bone metabolism. The inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) pathway-the most conservative unfolded protein response pathway activated by ERS-is crucial in regulating cell metabolism.

Tissue-engineered bone construct promotes early osseointegration of implants with low primary stability in oversized osteotomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the histological parameters and bone mechanical properties around implants with low primary stability (PS) in grafted bone substitutes within an oversized osteotomy.

Materials And Methods: An oversized osteotomy penetrating the double cortical bone layers was made on both femora of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. Bilaterally in the femur of all animals, 48 implants were installed, subdivided into four groups, corresponding to four prepared tissue-engineering bone complexes (TEBCs), which were placed between the implant surface and native bone wall: A: tricalcium phosphate β (TCP-β); B: autologous adipose derived-stem cells with TCP-β (ASCs/TCP-β); C: ASCs transfected with the enhanced-GFP gene with TCP-β (EGFP-ASCs/TCP-β); D: ASCs transfected with the BMP-2 gene with TCP-β (BMP2-ASCs/TCP-β).

Multimodal Imaging of Dental Pulp Healing Patterns Following Tooth Autotransplantation and Regenerative Endodontic Treatment.

Introduction: Understanding the healing process of dental pulp after tooth autotransplantation (TAT) and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) of immature teeth is important both clinically and scientifically. This study aimed to characterize the pattern of dental pulp healing in human teeth that underwent TAT and RET using state-of-the-art imaging techniques.

Materials And Methods: This study examined 4 human teeth, 2 premolars that underwent TAT, and 2 central incisors that received RET.

The therapeutic perspective of cold atmospheric plasma in periodontal disease.

Objectives: Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common infectious diseases with complex inflammatory conditions, having irreversibly destructive impacts on the periodontal supporting tissues. The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising adjuvant therapy modality for PD. However, the mechanism of CAP in PD treatment is still poorly understood.

Hybrid system with stable structure of hard/soft tissue substitutes induces re-osseointegration in a rat model of biofilm-mediated peri-implantitis.

Re-osseointegration of an infected/contaminated dental implant poses major clinical challenges. We tested the hypothesis that the application of an antibiotic-releasing construct, combined with hard/soft tissue replacement, increases the efficacy of reconstructive therapy. We initially fabricated semi-flexible hybrid constructs of β-TCP/PHBHHx, with tetracycline (TC) (TC amounts: 5%, 10%, and 15%).

Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti-inflammation property and AMPK/MAPK/NF-kB inhibition.

Simvastatin (SMV) could increase tooth anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, previous studies on its bone-specific anabolic and anti-inflammation properties were based on static in vitro and in vivo conditions. AMPK is a stress-activated kinase that protects tissue against serious damage from overloading inflammation.

Durable superamphiphobic silica aerogel surfaces for the culture of 3D cellular spheroids.

The 3D multicellular spheroids with intact cell-cell junctions have major roles in biological research by virtue of their unique advantage of mimicking the cellular physiological environments. In this work, a durable superamphiphobic silica aerogel surface (SSAS) has been fabricated for the upward culture of 3D multicellular spheroids. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was first electrodeposited on a conductive steel mesh as a first template for porous silica coating.

Evaluation of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis of Icariin in Local Controlled Release and Systemic Delivery for Calvarial Defect in Ovariectomized Rats.

Typically, bone regenerative medicine is applied to repair bone defects in patients with osteoporosis. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to develop safe and cheap drugs that induce bone formation. Icariin, which is reported to promote the osteogenesis of stem cells in vitro, is the main active component of Herba Epimedii.

M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and angiogenesis on nanotubular TiO surfaces.

The monocyte/macrophage system plays an essential role in the host response and the fate of endosseous implanted materials. Macrophage behavior was thought to be regulated by nanostructured titanium which has been considered as a very promising candidate for dental implants. However, there is little known for subsequent effects of these activated macrophages on osteogenesis and angiogenesis which were essential for bone integration.

The response of human osteoblasts, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and oral bacteria to nanostructured titanium surfaces: a systematic study.

Nanotopography modification is a major focus of interest in current titanium surface design; however, the influence of the nanostructured surface on human cell/bacterium behavior has rarely been systematically evaluated. In this study, a homogeneous nanofiber structure was prepared on a titanium surface (Nano) by alkali-hydrothermal treatment, and the effects of this Nano surface on the behaviors of human MG-63 osteoblasts, human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were evaluated in comparison with a smooth titanium surface (Smooth) by polishing and a micro-rough titanium surface (Micro) by sandblasting and acid etching. In addition, the impacts of these different surface morphologies on human THP-1 macrophage polarization and attachment were also assessed.

In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Silicate-Coated Polyetheretherketone Fabricated by Electron Beam Evaporation.

Intrinsic bioinertness severely hampers the application of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), although in the field of dentistry it is considered to be an ideal titanium substitute implanting material. In this study, a bioactive silicate coating was successfully introduced onto PEEK surface by using electron beam evaporation (EBE) technology to improve its bioactivity and osseointegration of PEEK. Through controlling the duration of EBE, the incorporated amounts of silicon (Si) could be exquisitely adjusted to obtain proper biofunctionality, as assessed by cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and protein detection.

Reosseointegration Following Regenerative Therapy of Tissue-Engineered Bone in a Canine Model of Experimental Peri-Implantitis.

Background: Due to the existence of inflammation and limited osteogenesis on the precontaminated implant surface, reosseointegration is difficult to realize by current therapies. Tissue-engineering strategy has been proved quite effective in intractable bone defect situation.

Purpose: This study was designed to see whether the adoption of tissue-engineered bone complex of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene delivery would work efficiently in the correction of experimental peri-implantitis.

Selective responses of human gingival fibroblasts and bacteria on carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone with multilevel nanostructured TiO2.

The long-term success of dental implants relies not only on stable osseointegration but also on the integration of implant surfaces with surrounding soft tissues. In our previous work, titanium plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique was applied to modify the carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) surface, constructing a unique multilevel TiO2 nanostructure thus enhancing certain osteogenic properties. However, the interactions between the modified surface and soft-tissue cells are still not clear.

Strontium delivery on topographical titanium to enhance bioactivity and osseointegration in osteoporotic rats.

Osseointegration remains a major clinical challenge in osteoporotic patients. Strontium (Sr) has been shown to be a significant therapy to favor bone growth by both increasing new bone formation and reducing bone resorption. In this study, we attempt to chemically functionalize Ti implants by micro-arc oxidation, alkali treatment and ion exchange.

Electrochemically Tunable Cell Adsorption on a Transparent and Adhesion-Switchable Superhydrophobic Polythiophene Film.

A superhydrophobic polythiophene film (SSPTH) is prepared by double-layer electrodeposition on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode. This film shows not only electroresponsive superhydrophobic features, but also high transparency compared with the usual polythiophene film. The water-droplet adhesion on the SSPTH film can be switched between sliding and pinned states under the applied potential.

Electro-responsively reversible transition of polythiophene films from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity.

An electro-responsively reversible switching of wettability between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity has been obtained from a highly porous structured polythiophene film. The polythiophene film was prepared by two-step electrochemical deposition on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The underlying poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) provides a highly porous structured conductive support, and poly(3-methylthiophene) (P(3-MTH)) deposited thereon plays the role of a low-surface-energy conductive coating.

Magnesium ion implantation on a micro/nanostructured titanium surface promotes its bioactivity and osteogenic differentiation function.

As one of the important ions associated with bone osseointegration, magnesium was incorporated into a micro/nanostructured titanium surface using a magnesium plasma immersion ion-implantation method. Hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructured titanium surfaces followed by magnesium ion implantation for 30 minutes (Mg30) and hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructured titanium surfaces followed by magnesium ion implantation for 60 minutes (Mg60) were used as test groups. The surface morphology, chemical properties, and amount of magnesium ions released were evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.

rhPDGF-BB via ERK pathway osteogenesis and adipogenesis balancing in ADSCs for critical-sized calvarial defect repair.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with the capacity of differentiating into osteo-like cells have been widely investigated for bone tissue engineering as a novel seed cell source. Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) is a clinically proven growth factor with the potential of promoting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation during the bone regeneration process. In this study, we investigated the effects of rhPDGF-BB on the proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rat ADSCs and explored whether the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway might be involved.

[Repair of calvarial defect using a tissue-engineered bone with simvastatin-loaded β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and adipose derived stem cells in rabbits].

Purpose: The osteogenic-angiogenic differentiation effects of simvastatin (Sim) were explored on adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). A tissue-engineered bone with simvastatin loaded β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold and ASCs was constructed to repair the calvarial defect in rabbits.

Methods: ASCs were obtained from the groin of rabbits.

Curculigoside promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells from ovariectomized rats.

Objectives: Curculigoside, a natural compound isolated from the medicinal plant Curculigo orchioides has been reported to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of curculigoside on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells derived from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a series of bone complications, which are still a great challenge in the clinic. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are crucial to bone remodeling and are attractive candidates for tissue engineering. Hence, we aimed to investigate whether impaired functions of BMSCs play a role in the pathogenesis of bone complications associated with T1DM.

Biofunctionalization of a titanium surface with a nano-sawtooth structure regulates the behavior of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: The topography of an implant surface can serve as a powerful signaling cue for attached cells and can enhance the quality of osseointegration. A series of improved implant surfaces functionalized with nanoscale structures have been fabricated using various methods.

Methods: In this study, using an H(2)O(2) process, we fabricated two size-controllable sawtooth-like nanostructures with different dimensions on a titanium surface.

The use of injectable sonication-induced silk hydrogel for VEGF(165) and BMP-2 delivery for elevation of the maxillary sinus floor.

Sonication-induced silk hydrogels were previously prepared as an injectable bone replacement biomaterial, with a need to improve osteogenic features. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) are key regulators of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, during bone regeneration. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating in situ forming silk hydrogels as a vehicle to encapsulate dual factors for rabbit maxillary sinus floor augmentation.