Multicenter Interrater Reliability in the Endoscopic Assessment of Velopharyngeal Function Using a Video Instruction Tool.

Objective: Assess interrater agreement of endoscopic assessment of velopharyngeal (VP) function before and after viewing the video instruction tool (VIT). We hypothesized improvement in interrater agreement using the Golding-Kushner scale (GKS) after viewing the VIT.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Multicenter interrater and intrarater reliability in the endoscopic evaluation of velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Objective: To explore interrater and intrarater reliability (R (inter) and R (intra), respectively) of a standardized scale applied to nasoendoscopic assessment of velopharyngeal (VP) function, across multiple centers.

Design: Multicenter blinded R (inter) and R (intra) study.

Setting: Eight academic tertiary care centers.

Quality of life in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Objective: To determine if quality of life (QOL) is affected in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).

Design: Interview and survey.

Setting: Two university pediatric ambulatory centers.

Major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs)--Bronchial fistula presenting as tracheotomy bleed.

Tracheal hemorrhage is a common occurrence in pediatric patients with long-term tracheotomies. The majority of these events are related to self-limited etiologies, such as granulation tissue or suction trauma. Tracheo-arterial fistula, however, represents a frequently fatal form of tracheal hemorrhage that may initially be difficult to distinguish from other causes.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on quality of life in children with obstructive sleep disorders.

Objectives: To determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on quality of life (QOL) in children with obstructive sleep disorders (OSDs) before and after surgery.

Design: Prospective, observational, before-and-after trial.

Setting: Seven tertiary pediatric otolaryngology practices.