A family of NADPH/NADP biosensors reveals in vivo dynamics of central redox metabolism across eukaryotes.

The NADPH/NADP redox couple is central to metabolism and redox signalling. NADP redox state is differentially regulated by distinct enzymatic machineries at the subcellular compartment level. Nonetheless, a detailed understanding of subcellular NADP redox dynamics is limited by the availability of appropriate tools.

Real-Time Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Yeast and Mammalian Cells.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an important signaling molecule involved in regulating antioxidative transcriptional responses, cellular differentiation, and hypoxia response. HO generation and signaling are highly localized processes. Understanding the dynamics of this molecule inside intact cells with subcompartmental resolution is instrumental to unravel its role in cellular signaling.

Measuring Intracellular H O in Intact Human Cells Using the Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor HyPer7.

Depending on its local concentration, hydrogen peroxide (HO) can serve as a cellular signaling molecule but can also cause damage to biomolecules. The levels of H O are influenced by the activity of its generator sites, local antioxidative systems, and the metabolic state of the cell. To study and understand the role of HO in cellular signaling, it is crucial to assess its dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution.

Maintenance of small molecule redox homeostasis in mitochondria.

Compartmentalisation of eukaryotic cells enables fundamental otherwise often incompatible cellular processes. Establishment and maintenance of distinct compartments in the cell relies not only on proteins, lipids and metabolites but also on small redox molecules. In particular, small redox molecules such as glutathione, NAD(P)H and hydrogen peroxide (H O ) cooperate with protein partners in dedicated machineries to establish specific subcellular redox compartments with conditions that enable oxidative protein folding and redox signalling.

Spatial and temporal control of mitochondrial H O release in intact human cells.

Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) has key signaling roles at physiological levels, while causing molecular damage at elevated concentrations. H O production by mitochondria is implicated in regulating processes inside and outside these organelles. However, it remains unclear whether and how mitochondria in intact cells release H O .

The influence of ABCG2 polymorphism on erlotinib efflux in the K562 cell line.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene for multidrug resistance protein ABCG2, an erlotinib transporter, is a possible contributor to the interindividual variation observed in erlotinib pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Therefore, the aim was to study erlotinib efflux by ABCG2 wild-type (wt) and ABCG2 polymorphic variants in the K562 cell line. The chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell line, neither expressing EGFR nor ABCG2, was transduced with vectors containing the ABCG2 wt, the SNPs: 34 G > A and 421 C > A, or with empty vector (K562/ve).

A Review of the Presentation of Overdiagnosis in Cancer Screening Patient Decision Aids.

. Patient decision aid (PDA) certification standards recommend including the positive and negative features of each option of the decision. This review describes the inclusion of concepts related to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, negative features often ambiguously defined, in cancer screening PDAs.

Randomized trial of a patient-centered decision aid for promoting informed decisions about lung cancer screening: Implementation of a PCORI study protocol and lessons learned.

Purpose: We describe the methods, stakeholder engagement, and lessons learned from a study comparing a video decision aid to standard educational materials on lung cancer screening decisions.

Methods: The study followed rigorous methodology standards from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. The importance of patient-centeredness and patient/stakeholder engagement are reflected across the study's conceptualization, execution, interpretation, and dissemination efforts.