A Narrative Review of Diabetic Macroangiopathy: From Molecular Mechanism to Therapeutic Approaches.

Diabetic macroangiopathy, a prevalent and severe complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly contributes to the increased morbidity and mortality rates among affected individuals. This complex disorder involves multifaceted molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysfunction and damage of large blood vessels, including atherosclerosis (AS) and peripheral arterial disease. Understanding the intricate pathways underlying the development and progression of diabetic macroangiopathy is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic interventions.

Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients for diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It is often associated with clinical manifestations such as arrhythmias and heart failure, and significantly reduces the quality of life and years of survival of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the removal of unfolded and misfolded proteins and is an important mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.