An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Test-Free Identification of Sarcopenia.

Background: The diagnosis of sarcopenia relies extensively on human and equipment resources and requires individuals to personally visit medical institutions. The objective of this study was to develop a test-free, self-assessable approach to identify sarcopenia by utilizing artificial intelligence techniques and representative real-world data.

Methods: This multicentre study enrolled 11 661 middle-aged and older adults from a national survey initialized in 2011.

Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram for frailty in cancer patients.

Background: The presence of frailty decreases the overall survival of cancer patients. An accurate and operational diagnostic method is needed to help clinicians choose the most appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected from 10 649 cancer patients who were prospectively enrolled in the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers (INSCOC) project in China from July 2013 to August 2022.

Exploring the optimal indicator of short-term peridiagnosis weight dynamics to predict cancer survival: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: Body weight and its changes have been associated with cancer outcomes. However, the associations of short-term peridiagnosis weight dynamics in standardized, clinically operational time frames with cancer survival remain largely unknown. This study aimed to screen for and evaluate the optimal indicator of short-term peridiagnosis weight dynamics to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with cancer.

Value of the modified Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment in indicating the need for nutrition intervention and predicting overall survival in patients with malignant tumors in at least two organs.

Background: Although the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a reference standard used to assess a patient's nutrition status, it is cumbersome to administer. The aim of the present study was to estimate the value of a simpler and easier-to-use modified PG-SGA (mPG-SGA) to evaluate the nutrition status and need for intervention in patients with malignant tumors present in at least two organs.

Methods: A total of 591 patients (343 male and 248 female) were included from the INSCOC study.

Association of possible sarcopenia with all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer: A nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: The concept of possible sarcopenia (PS) was recently introduced to enable timely intervention in settings without the technologies required to make a full diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between PS and all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Comparison of the performance of the GLIM criteria, PG-SGA and mPG-SGA in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting survival among lung cancer patients: A multicenter study.

Background & Aims: The present study aimed to compare the ability of the GLIM criteria, PG-SGA and mPG-SGA to diagnose malnutrition and predict survival among Chinese lung cancer (LC) patients.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective, nationwide cohort study, 6697 LC inpatients were enrolled between July 2013 and June 2020. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the curve (AUC), and quadratic weighted Kappa coefficients were calculated to compare the ability to diagnose malnutrition.

Kruppel-like Factors 3 Regulates Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells Through NF-κB Pathway.

Context: The poorly understood regulatory mechanisms impede gastric cancer therapy. Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are associated with the development of various tumors, The studies on the role of the KLF transcription factor 13 (KLF13) in gastric cancer progression haven't been studied.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the role of KLF13 in the migration and invasion of gastric cancer and the regulatory mechanism of KLF13 in gastric cancer progression.

Triceps skinfold-albumin index significantly predicts the prognosis of cancer cachexia: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: The fat mass and nutritional status play important roles in the onset and progression of cancer cachexia. The present study evaluated the joint prognostic value of the fat mass, as indicated by the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and the serum albumin level, for mortality in patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study including 5134 patients with cancer cachexia from January 2013 to April 2019.

Development and validation of an online dynamic nomogram system for predicting cancer cachexia among inpatients: a real-world cohort study in China.

Background: Early recognition of cachexia is essential for ensuring the prompt intervention and treatment of cancer patients. However, the diagnosis of cancer cachexia (CC) usually is delayed. This study aimed to establish an accurate and high-efficiency diagnostic system for CC.

Associations between serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and the risk of incident primary liver cancer or chronic liver disease mortality: a nested case-control study.

Background: To evaluate the associations between pre-diagnostic levels of serum insulin, glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and future risk of incident primary liver cancer (PLC) or chronic liver disease (CLD)-related mortality.

Methods: We used a nested case-control design to evaluate subjects over 22 years of follow-up. Glucose, insulin, and three markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus were measured in fasting baseline serum from 119 incident PLCs, 157 CLD-death cases and 512 matched controls.

GLIM-defined malnutrition and overall survival in cancer patients: A meta-analysis.

Background: Malnutrition defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been associated with cancer mortality, but the effect is limited and inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis aiming to assess this relationship in patients with cancer.

Methods: We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from January 1, 2019, to July 1, 2022.

Identifying cancer cachexia in patients without weight loss information: machine learning approaches to address a real-world challenge.

Background: Diagnosing cancer cachexia relies extensively on patient-reported historic weight, and failure to accurately recall this information can lead to severe underestimation of cancer cachexia.

Objectives: The present study aimed to develop inexpensive tools to facilitate the identification of cancer cachexia in patients without weight loss information.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 12,774 patients with cancer.

Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Although malnutrition remains a global public health concern, and has proved to be a major contributor to death and illness, there has been a foundational lack of a gold standard for diagnostic testing for clinical application. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were established to normalize the diagnosis of malnutrition, but their use remains controversial. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis based on the published literature to assess the accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition.

Creation and Assessment of a Prognostic Fat-Age-Inflammation Index "FAIN" in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is highly prevalent and is related to multiple impaired clinical outcomes in cancer patients. This study aimed to create an objective, nutrition-related index specially for prognostic purposes in oncology populations.

Methods: We performed a multicenter cohort study including 14,134 cancer patients.

Relationships between serum iron and liver diseases in nutrition intervention trials: A nested case-control study.

Background: Serum iron is associated with the risk of several diseases. However, limited prospective studies have been performed between serum iron and the subsequent risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) and primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence.

Methods: We performed a nested case-control study using data from the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials among participants who developed PLC incidence or died from CLD over 22-years of follow-up.

Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate owing to its complexity. Identification of abnormally expressed genes in HCC tissues compared to those in normal liver tissues is a viable strategy for investigating the mechanisms of HCC tumorigenesis and progression as a means of developing novel treatments. A significant advantage of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is that the data therein were collected from different independent researchers and may be integrated, allowing for a more robust data analysis.

Low fat mass index outperforms handgrip weakness and GLIM-defined malnutrition in predicting cancer survival: Derivation of cutoff values and joint analysis in an observational cohort.

Background & Aims: The optimal thresholds to define a survival-related low fat mass index (FMI) in Asian oncology populations remains largely unknown. This study sought to derive the sex-specific FMI cutoffs and analyze the independent and joint associations of a low FMI, handgrip weakness, and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)-defined malnutrition with cancer survival.

Methods: We performed a multicenter cohort study including 2376 patients with cancer.

L-carnitine ameliorates the muscle wasting of cancer cachexia through the AKT/FOXO3a/MaFbx axis.

Background: Recent studies suggest potential benefits of applying L-carnitine in the treatment of cancer cachexia, but the precise mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unknown. This study was conducted to determine the mechanism by which L-carnitine reduces cancer cachexia.

Methods: C2C12 cells were differentiated into myotubes by growing them in DMEM for 24 h (hrs) and then changing the media to DMEM supplemented with 2% horse serum.

Several anthropometric measurements and cancer mortality: predictor screening, threshold determination, and joint analysis in a multicenter cohort of 12138 adults.

Background: Anthropometric measurements (AMs) are cost-effective surrogates for evaluating body size. This study aimed to identify the optimal prognostic AMs, their thresholds, and their joint associations with cancer mortality.

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study including 12138 patients with cancer at five institutions in China.

A fusion decision system to identify and grade malnutrition in cancer patients: Machine learning reveals feasible workflow from representative real-world data.

Background And Aims: Most nutritional assessment tools are based on pre-defined questionnaires or consensus guidelines. However, it has been postulated that population data can be used directly to develop a solution for assessing malnutrition. This study established a machine learning (ML)-based, individualized decision system to identify and grade malnutrition using large-scale data from cancer patients.

Fat mass assessment using the triceps skinfold thickness enhances the prognostic value of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with lung cancer.

The present study evaluated whether fat mass assessment using the triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness provides additional prognostic value to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework in patients with lung cancer (LC). We performed an observational cohort study including 2672 LC patients in China. Comprehensive demographic, disease and nutritional characteristics were collected.

Association between serum ferritin, incident primary liver cancer, and chronic liver disease mortality in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials: A nested case-control study.

Background And Aim: Previous studies suggest that serum ferritin may be associated with higher risk of liver cancer. However, additional studies of the association are needed. It is also not clear whether serum ferritin is associated with mortality from chronic liver disease (CLD).

Comparison of the AWGS and optimal stratification-defined handgrip strength thresholds for predicting survival in patients with lung cancer.

Objectives: Handgrip strength (HGS) is related to cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS)- and optimal stratification (OS)-defined HGS thresholds for predicting the survival of patients with lung cancer (LC).

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study including 3230 patients with LC admitted to five institutions in China from November 2011 to January 2019.