Neurons Underlying Aggression-Like Actions That Are Shared by Both Males and Females in .

Aggression involves both sexually monomorphic and dimorphic actions. How the brain implements these two types of actions is poorly understood. We found that in , a set of neurons, which we call CL062, previously shown to mediate male aggression also mediate female aggression.

Neurons underlying aggressive actions that are shared by both males and females in .

Aggression involves both sexually monomorphic and dimorphic actions. How the brain implements these two types of actions is poorly understood. We found that a set of neurons, which we call CL062, previously shown to mediate male aggression also mediate female aggression.

Multifunctional graphene metamaterials based on polarization-insensitive plasmon-induced transparency.

In this paper, a 4L-shaped graphene patterned polarization-insensitive plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) metamaterial structure is proposed. The photoelectric switch based on this structure supports a variety of light sources, such as linearly polarized light with different polarization directions, left rotation circularly polarized light (LCP) and right rotation circularly polarized light (RCP). And the switch has excellent performance in the case of different light sources, the amplitude modulation is as high as 99.

Dataset on Cs-137 in waters surrounding Taiwan.

The Fukushima accident released short-lived Cs-134 and longer-lived Cs-137 to the ocean. The amount, although substantial, is much less than that produced during the atomic bomb tests 60 yrs ago. Cs-134 and Cs-137 are anthropogenic radionuclides and soluble in seawater; hence, the radioactivity can be used as a tracer for special events or currents.

Sensorimotor transformation underlying odor-modulated locomotion in walking Drosophila.

Most real-world behaviors - such as odor-guided locomotion - are performed with incomplete information. Activity in olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes provides information about odor identity but not the location of its source. In this study, we investigate the sensorimotor transformation that relates ORN activation to locomotion changes in Drosophila by optogenetically activating different combinations of ORN classes and measuring the resulting changes in locomotion.

Mechanisms of Variability Underlying Odor-Guided Locomotion.

Changes in locomotion mediated by odors (odor-guided locomotion) are an important mechanism by which animals discover resources important to their survival. Odor-guided locomotion, like most other behaviors, is highly variable. Variability in behavior can arise at many nodes along the circuit that performs sensorimotor transformation.

Mechanisms underlying attraction to odors in walking Drosophila.

Mechanisms that control movements range from navigational mechanisms, in which the animal employs directional cues to reach a specific destination, to search movements during which there are little or no environmental cues. Even though most real-world movements result from an interplay between these mechanisms, an experimental system and theoretical framework for the study of interplay of these mechanisms is not available. Here, we rectify this deficit.

Statistical structure of locomotion and its modulation by odors.

Most behaviors such as making tea are not stereotypical but have an obvious structure. However, analytical methods to objectively extract structure from non-stereotyped behaviors are immature. In this study, we analyze the locomotion of fruit flies and show that this non-stereotyped behavior is well-described by a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM).