Expression and diagnostic value of HE4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a recognized biomarker in ovarian and endometrial cancer and over-expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The diagnostic value of HE4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains unknown. Here we elucidate mRNA, protein and serum level of HE4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Interactions of hemoglobin in live red blood cells measured by the electrophoresis release test.

To elucidate the protein-protein interactions of hemoglobin (Hb) variants A and A(2), HbA was first shown to bind with HbA(2) in live red blood cells (RBCs) by diagonal electrophoresis and then the interaction between HbA and HbA(2) outside the RBC was shown by cross electrophoresis. The starch-agarose gel electrophoresis of hemolysate, RBCs, freeze-thawed RBCs and the supernatant of freeze-thawed RBCs showed that the interaction between HbA and HbA(2) was affected by membrane integrity. To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.

RBC electrophoresis with discontinuous power supply - a newly established hemoglobin release test.

In this paper, we aimed to introduce a newly established red blood cells (RBCs) electrophoresis method hemoglobin release test (HRT) and tried to determine its significance. Human blood samples from beta-thalassemia patients and healthy controls were analyzed with HRT, which was carried out on starch-agarose mixed gel. First, the whole blood samples were electrophoresed for 2 h, then paused for 15 min and ran for 15 min by turns.