Deficiency of histamine H receptors in parvalbumin-positive neurons leads to hyperactivity, impulsivity, and impaired attention.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affecting 4% of the population, is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity; however, its neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we discovered that deficiency of histamine H receptor (HR) in parvalbumin-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars recticulata (PV) attenuates PV neuronal activity and induces hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in mice. Moreover, decreased HR expression was observed in PV in patients with ADHD symptoms and dopamine-transporter-deficient mice, whose behavioral phenotypes were alleviated by HR agonist treatment.

The intestinal fungus Aspergillus tubingensis promotes polycystic ovary syndrome through a secondary metabolite.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%-10% of women of reproductive age and is known to be associated with disruptions in the gut bacteria. However, the role of the gut mycobiota in PCOS pathology remains unclear. Using culture-dependent and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)-sequencing methods, we discovered an enrichment of the gut-colonizable fungus Aspergillus tubingensis in 226 individuals, with or without PCOS, from 3 different geographical areas within China.

Facile fabrication of sensing electrode based on CoFe-MOFs/MXene for ultrasensitive detection of picomolar chloramphenicol.

Precise detection of ultralow-level antibiotics, such as picomole, in aqueous environments is significant for human health, however, it presents a great challenge to the adsorption capacity and electrocatalytic ability of sensing materials. Here, we used a one-step hydrothermal method to in situ grow spindle-like CoFe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a size of about 50 nm in the region of hydrophilic MXene-loading hydrophobic carbon paper. By combining MOFs with abundant adsorption sites and MXene with high conductivity, the problems of adsorption and electrons transfer of ultralow-level antibiotics have been solved, and achieving precise detection of picomole-level antibiotics.

Aged polylactic acid microplastics with ultraviolet irradiation stunted pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) germination and growth with cadmium in hydroponics.

The presence of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) alongside toxic metals in soil significantly threatens plant health. Current research mainly focuses on the effects of original BMPs. In contrast, the specific impacts of ultraviolet (UV)-aged BMPs and their interaction with Cadmium (Cd) on seed germination and growth are unclear.

Improving flavor of Wuyi rock tea processed from rain-soaked leaves by optimizing withering conditions.

Rainy weather restricts the formation of high-quality Wuyi rock tea (WRT). Herein, an optimized withering process for rain-soaked leaves was developed using response surface methodology. Results showed that increasing the withering temperature, relative humidity, and withering time from 25 °C to 40 °C, 80 % to 97 %, and 3 to 6 h, respectively, effectively improved the sensory qualities of the optimized primary WRT (WRTO) prepared from rain-soaked leaves compared with those before optimization.

Motor function and compound muscle action potential amplitude in children with spinal muscular atrophy treated with nusinersen.

Background: Disease-modifying therapies can improve motor function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), but efficacy varies between individuals. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nusinersen treatment in children with SMA and to investigate prognostic factors.

Methods: Motor function, compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and other indicators were prospectively collected before and 14 months after nusinersen treatment.

Elevated methylmercury production in seasonally inundated sediments: Insights from DOM molecular composition.

Seasonally inundated areas (SIA) within aquatic systems are characterized by elevated methylmercury (MeHg) production. Nevertheless, the response characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality in SIA sediments, including its molecular compositions and structure, and their impacts on the MeHg production are not yet fully understood. This research gap has been addressed through field investigations and microcosm experiments conducted in a metal-polluted plateau wetland.

Colloids fractionation and characterization of arsenic (As) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water around a closed arsenic mine.

The speciation and mobility of arsenic (As) in waters are largely influenced by the colloids; however, the impacts of colloids with different molecular weights (MWs) in water fractions remain largely unknown. Herein, the surface water was fractionated into three colloidal fractions and truly dissolved fraction via cross-flow ultrafiltration. Total As (As(T)) presented mainly as As(V) and existed primarily in the truly dissolved fraction.

Biomimetic nanostructural materials based on placental amniotic membrane-derived nanofibers for self-healing and anti-adhesion during cesarean section.

Cesarean section (CS) is highly prevalent surgery among females. However, current absorbable anti-adhesion membranes used clinically can partially prevent postoperative adhesions but show limited efficacy in tissue regeneration, leaving post-cesarean women at risk for severe complications including cesarean scar pregnancy, placenta previa, and uterine rupture. Herein, we designed a fully amniotic membrane (AM)-derived biomimetic nanostructural materials (AM-BNMs) as an anti-adhesion barrier, and validated its therapeutic efficacy in a rat CS model.

Insights into plutonium in marine biota along the coast of China.

Radiation risk through seafood consumption is a big public concern under the discharge of nuclear contaminated water. Plutonium is an important radionuclide in view of radiation risk due to its high radiological and chemical toxicity, as well as consistent presence in the environment. The distribution and level of plutonium isotopes (Pu, Pu) in marine biota collected along the coast of China in 2022-2023 were investigated.

Trends in anti-insomnia medication utilization among pediatric patients in nine cities in China: A real-world study (2016-2023).

Objective: To investigate prescription patterns of insomnia medications among Chinese children, assess the current status of drug treatment, and offer data to support the guidance of clinical prescribing practices.

Methods: This study analyzed pediatric prescriptions for insomnia medications from the China Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperation Project database across nine cities between 2016 and 2023. The analysis focused on demographic characteristics, prescription trends, and frequency of medication use among pediatric insomnia patients.

Canthaxanthin ameliorates atopic dermatitis in mice by suppressing Th2 immune response.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus and complex immunopathogenic mechanisms. Recent evidence has highlighted the critical link between dysregulated intestinal microecology and altered immune responses in AD progression. As essential components of the intestinal microenvironment, metabolites play pivotal roles in various physiological processes.

Antibacterial and osteogenic gain strategy on titanium surfaces for preventing implant-related infections.

Infection and insufficient osseointegration are the primary factors leading to the failure of titanium-based implants. Surface coating modifications that combine both antibacterial and osteogenic properties are commonly employed strategies. However, the challenge of achieving rapid antibacterial action and consistent osteogenesis with these coatings remains unresolved.

Unipolar mania over the course of a 15-year follow-up study.

Objective: A proportion of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) manifests with only Unipolar mania (UM). We conducted a follow-up study of patients diagnosed with Unipolar mania and compared them as a group if they had a mild depressive episode with those who did not.

Method: 248 subjects were prospectively followed-up to 15 years.

Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Induces Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway Dysregulation to Promote Immune Escape of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third globally in cancer incidence and mortality, posing a significant human concern. Recent advancements in immunotherapy are noteworthy. This study explores immune modulation for CRC treatment.

MicroSphere 3D Structures Delay Tissue Senescence through Mechanotransduction.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) stores signaling molecules and facilitates mechanical and biochemical signaling in cells. However, the influence of biomimetic "rejuvenation" ECM structures on aging- and degeneration-related cellular activities and tissue repair is not well understood. We combined physical extrusion and precise "on-off" alternating cross-linking methods to create anisotropic biomaterial microgels (MicroRod and MicroSphere) and explored how they regulate the cell activities of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and their potential antidegenerative effects on intervertebral discs.

Non-Invasive Assessment of VEGF and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer through Radiomic Features.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with delayed diagnosis often limiting effective treatment options. This study introduces a novel, non-invasive radiomics-based approach utilizing [18F] FDG PET/CT to predict VEGF status and survival in GC patients. The ability to non-invasively assess these parameters can significantly influence therapeutic decisions and outcomes.

Multi-target Stool DNA Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Clinical Practice.

Background And Aims: Few studies have evaluated multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) in clinical practice. We analyzed mt-sDNA utilization at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC).

Methods: We assessed mt-sDNA orders between 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2021.

Quadruple-band synglisis enables high thermoelectric efficiency in earth-abundant tin sulfide crystals.

Thermoelectrics have been limited by the scarcity of their constituent elements, especially telluride. The earth-abundant, wide-bandgap ( ≈ 46 ) tin sulfide (SnS) has shown promising performance in its crystal form. We improved the thermoelectric efficiency in SnS crystals by promoting the convergence of energy and momentum of four valance bands, termed quadruple-band synglisis.

Wafer-scale monolayer MoS film integration for stable, efficient perovskite solar cells.

One of the primary challenges in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and sufficient stability. We integrate wafer-scale continuous monolayer MoS buffers at the top and bottom of a perovskite layer through a transfer process. These films physically block ion migration of perovskite into carrier transport layers and chemically stabilize the formamidinium lead iodide phase through strong coordination interaction.

Curcumin modulated gut microbiota and alleviated renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney disease rats.

Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota exacerbates chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Curcumin (CUR) has been reported to alleviate renal fibrosis in animal models of CKD. However, the relationship between CUR and gut microbiome in CKD remains unclear.

Intraoperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with anesthesia to prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. The utilization of intraoperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) in conjunction with anesthesia is expected to become an effective preventive measure for POCD in clinical practice.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review focusing on the use of TEAS in the prevention of POCD during surgical anesthesia.

Local Environment-Modulated f-f Transition in Unit-Cell-Sized Lanthanide Ultrathin Nanostructures.

The regulation of the f-f transition is the basis of utilizing the abundant optical properties of lanthanide (Ln), of which the key is to modulate the local environment of Ln ions. Here, we constructed Eu(III)-based unit-cell-sized ultrathin nanowires (UCNWs) with red luminescence and polymer-like behavior, which appears as an ideal carrier for regulating f-f transition. The f-f transition of Eu(III) in UCNWs could be precisely regulated through various ligands.