MSOT-Guided Nanotheranostics for Synergistic Mild Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy to Boost Necroptosis/Apoptosis.

The development of nanotheranostics for precision imaging-guided regulated cell death-mediated synergistic tumor therapy is still challenging. Herein, a novel multifunctional nanotheranostic agent, iRGD-coated maleimide-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid/glycolic acid)-encapsulated hydrophobic gold nanocages (AuNCs) and hydrophilic epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (PAuE) is developed for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy. The portions of necroptotic and apoptotic tumor cells were 52.

Strategic Decoy Peptides Interfere with MSI1/AGO2 Interaction to Elicit Tumor Suppression Effects.

Peptide drugs that target protein-protein interactions have attracted mounting research efforts towards clinical developments over the past decades. Increasing reports have indicated that expression of Musashi 1 (MSI1) is tightly correlated to high grade of cancers as well as enrichment of cancer stem cells. Treatment failure in malignant tumors glioblastoma multiform (GBM) had also been correlated to CSC-regulating properties of MSI1.

Overview of the molecular mechanisms of migration and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most devastating cancers, with an approximate median survival of only 16 months. Although some new insights into the fantastic heterogeneity of this kind of brain tumor have been revealed in recent studies, all subclasses of GBM still demonstrate highly aggressive invasion properties to the surrounding parenchyma. This behavior has become the main obstruction to current curative therapies as invasive GBM cells migrate away from these foci after surgical therapies.

A systematic review of the methodology of sonographic assessment of upper limb activities-associated carpal tunnel syndrome.

Background: Various upper limb activities were speculated to be associated with the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Nonetheless, there are currently no standardization on the uses of parameters in CTS assessments, nor are there any conclusive findings regarding the usefulness of various sonographic measurements in studies of different upper limb activities. In this review, we intend to evaluate the methodology of assessing CTS induced by upper limb activities with ultrasonographic technique and provide corresponding suggestions.

Musashi-1 promotes stress-induced tumor progression through recruitment of AGO2.

Carcinomatous progression and recurrence are the main therapeutic challenges frequently faced by patients with refractory tumors. However, the underlined molecular mechanism remains obscure. : We found Musashi-1 (MSI1) transported into cytosol under stress condition by confocal microscopy and cell fractionation.

Immunotherapy orchestrates radiotherapy in composing abscopal effects: A strategic review in metastatic head and neck cancer.

The treatment of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a combination of radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy can augment treatment response and symptomatic relief. Combination therapy can also trigger a non-targeted tumor control event called the abscopal effect. This effect can be demonstrated by treatment with anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibodies in combination with hypofractionated RT.

Comparison of cofilin‑1 and Twist‑1 protein expression in human non‑small cell lung cancer tissues.

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Actin cytoskeletal reorganization is usually accompanied by the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑induced invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In the present study, expression levels of the actin‑associated protein cofilin‑1 and of the pivotal EMT molecule Twist‑1 were determined in NSCLC tissues.

PEGylated liposome-encapsulated rhenium-188 radiopharmaceutical inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human head and neck cancer cells in vivo with repeated therapy.

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is usually treated with chemoradiotherapy, but the therapeutic efficacy could be hampered by intrinsic radioresistance and early relapse. Repeated administrations of rhenium-188 (Re)-conjugated radiopharmaceutical has been reported to escalate the radiation doses for better control of advanced human cancers. Here we found that high dosage of Re-liposome, the liposome-encapsulated Re nanoparticles exhibited significant killing effects on HNSCC FaDu cells and SAS cells but not on OECM-1 cells.

Arsenic trioxide-mediated suppression of miR-182-5p is associated with potent anti-oxidant effects through up-regulation of .

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a traditional Chinese medicine that can induce oxidative stress for treatment of cancer cells. However, ATO may generate anti-oxidative responses to compromise the cytotoxic effect, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we found that ATO could inhibit miR-182-5p expression in patient-derived primary S1 glioblastoma (GBM) cells accompanied by up-regulation of Sestrin-2 () mRNA, a known anti-oxidant molecule.

Musashi-1 promotes chemoresistant granule formation by PKR/eIF2α signalling cascade in refractory glioblastoma.

Musashi-1 (MSI1), one of the RNA-binding proteins, is abundantly found not only in neural stem cells but also in several cancer tissues and has been reported to act as a positive regulator of cancer progression. Growing evidence indicates that PKR and eIF2α play pivotal roles in the stimulation of stress granule formation as well as in the subsequent translation modulation in response to stressful conditions; however, little is known about whether MSI1 is involved in this PKR/eIF2α cancer stem cell-enhancing machinery. In this study, we demonstrated that MSI1 promotes human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stem cells and enhances chemoresistance when exposed to sublethal stress.

TDP-43/HDAC6 axis promoted tumor progression and regulated nutrient deprivation-induced autophagy in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor with poor survival lifespan and dismal outcome. Surgical resection of GBM is greatly limited due to the biological significance of brain, giving rise to tumor relapse in GBM patients. Transactive response DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein known for causing neurodegenerative diseases through post-translational modification; but little is known about its involvement in cancer development.

Musashi-1 Enhances Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Cytoskeletal Dynamics through Translational Inhibition of Tensin3.

The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) exerts essential roles in multiple cellular functions, such as maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells. MSI1 overexpression has been observed in several tumor tissues, including glioblastoma (GBM), and is considered as a well-established marker for tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MSI1 regulates cell migration are still undetermined.

Involvement of let-7 microRNA for the therapeutic effects of Rhenium-188-embedded liposomal nanoparticles on orthotopic human head and neck cancer model.

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is usually treated by surgical resection with adjuvant radio-chemotherapy. In this study, we examined whether the radiopharmaceutical 188Re-liposome could suppress the growth of HNSCC followed by an investigation of molecular mechanisms. The orthotopic HNSCC tumor model was established by human hypopharyngeal FaDu carcinoma cells harboring multiple reporter genes.

Musashi-1 regulates AKT-derived IL-6 autocrinal/paracrinal malignancy and chemoresistance in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is one of the most lethal human malignant brain tumors with high risks of recurrence and poor treatment outcomes. The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) is a marker of neural stem/progenitor cells. Recent study showed that high expression level of MSI1 positively correlates with advanced grade of GBM, where MSI1 increases the growth of GBM.

Intraperitoneal (188)Re-Liposome delivery switches ovarian cancer metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation and effectively controls ovarian tumour growth in mice.

Background And Purpose: Cancer stem cells exhibit distinctive cellular metabolism compared with the more differentiated counterparts or normal cells. We aimed to investigate the impact of a novel radionuclide anti-cancer agent (188)Re-Liposome on stemness markers' expression and cellular metabolism in an ovarian cancer model.

Material And Methods: A 2×2 factorial experiment was designed in which factor 1 represented the drug treatment comparing (188)Re-BMEDA, a free form of (188)Re, with (188)Re-Liposome, a nanoparticle-encapsulated form of (188)Re.

Low-fluence rate, long duration photodynamic therapy in glioma mouse model using organic light emitting diode (OLED).

Background: The treatment of gliomas poses significant clinical challenges due to resistance to chemo and radiation therapy, and treatment side effects. Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT), which involves long treatment time with low fluence rate and multiple or continuous photosensitizer administrations, has potential in treating gliomas without threatening the quality of life and has been demonstrated in rats and rabbits. mPDT in small animals such as mouse is not yet shown due to lack of lightweight illumination device for long periods of time.

Over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed growth and invasion of cancer cells is associated with up-regulation of let-7 microRNA.

Cofilin-1, a non-muscle isoform of actin regulatory protein that belongs to the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family is known to affect cancer development. Previously, we found that over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed the growth and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro. In this study, we further investigated whether over-expression of cofilin-1 can suppress tumor growth in vivo, and performed a microRNA array analysis to better understand whether specific microRNA would be involved in this event.

Evaluation of the therapeutic and diagnostic effects of PEGylated liposome-embedded 188Re on human non-small cell lung cancer using an orthotopic small-animal model.

Unlabelled: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly morbid and mortal cancer type that is difficult to eradicate using conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Little is known about whether radionuclide-based pharmaceuticals can be used for treating NSCLC. Here we embedded the therapeutic radionuclide (188)Re in PEGylated (PEG is polyethylene glycol) liposomes and investigated the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of this nanoradiopharmaceutical on NSCLC using a xenograft lung tumor model and the reporter gene imaging techniques.

mPlum-IFP 1.4 fluorescent fusion protein may display Förster resonance energy transfer associated properties that can be used for near-infrared based reporter gene imaging.

Bacteriophytochrome infrared fluorescent protein (IFP) has a long emission wavelength that is appropriate for detecting pathophysiological effects via near-infrared (NIR) based imaging. However, the brightness and photostability of IFP are suboptimal, although an exogenous supply of biliverdin (BV) IXα is able to enhance these properties. In this study, we fused a far red mPlum fluorescent protein to IFP 1.

A comparative study of primary and recurrent human glioblastoma multiforme using the small animal imaging and molecular expressive profiles.

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with the characteristics of highly infiltrative growth and recurrent rate. In this study, we used animal imaging and molecular expressive profiles to investigate the characteristics of the primary tumor (GBM-3) cells and recurrent tumor (S1R1) cells from different GBM patients.

Procedures: Bioluminescent imaging and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used for assessing the orthotopical tumor development of GBM cells harboring a polycistronic reporter gene system.