Ultrasonic visualization technique for anatomical and functional analyses of the sciatic nerve in rats.

Background And Objective: Ultrasound has been widely used in the diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of peripheral nerve diseases in the clinic, but there is still a lack of feasibility analysis in rodent models of neurological disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve of different genders and body weights and to explore the effectiveness and reliability of an ultrasound-guided block around the sciatic nerve in living rats.

Methods: Using ultrasound imaging anatomy of the sciatic nerve of rats, the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve in rats of different genders from 6 to 10 weeks old was calculated, and then analyzed its correlation with body weight.

Ketamine exerts dual effects on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rats in vitro.

Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely used in pediatric clinical practice. The neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of ketamine on brain neurons during development remain controversial. The reason may be related to the different concentrations of ketamine used in practice and the small range of concentrations used in previous studies.

Taselisib moderates neuropathic pain through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in a rat model of chronic constriction injury.

Background: Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition commonly caused by inflammation-induced disturbances or lesions of somatosensory functions in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Taselisib on chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats.

Methods: The rats were divided into four groups: sham group, sham + Taselisib (10 mg/kg orally once a day) group, CCI group, and CCI + Taselisib (10 mg/kg orally once a day) group.

Facilitation of Behavioral and Cortical Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia by GABAergic Neurons in Basal Forebrain.

General anesthesia shares many similarities with natural sleep in behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The latest evidence suggests that general anesthesia and sleep-wake behavior may share overlapping neural substrates. The GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have recently been demonstrated to play a key role in controlling wakefulness.

Parabrachial nucleus astrocytes regulate wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia in mice.

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is an important structure regulating the sleep-wake behavior and general anesthesia. Astrocytes in the central nervous system modulate neuronal activity and consequential behavior. However, the specific role of the parabrachial nucleus astrocytes in regulating the sleep-wake behavior and general anesthesia remains unclear.

Emergency tracheal intubation peri-operative risk factors and prognostic impact after esophagectomy.

Background: Emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a serious complication after Oesophagectomy. It is still unclear that perioperative risk factors and prognosis of these patients with ETI.

Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2018, 21 patients who received ETI after esophagectomy were enrolled (ETI group) at the department of thoracic surgery, Fujian Union hospital, China.

Emergency tracheal intubation during off-hours is not associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The prognosis of hospitalized patients after emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) remains poor. Our aim was to evaluate the 30-d hospitalization mortality of subjects undergoing ETI during daytime or off-hours and to analyze the possible risk factors affecting mortality.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study was performed at a university teaching facility from January 2015 to December 2018.

Involvement of AQP 1 in the cardio-protective effect of remifentanil post-conditioning in ischemia/reperfusion rats.

Background: our research aim to study the role of AQP1 in the cardioprotective effect of remifentanil post-conditioning for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods: Ninety Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial ischemia and reperfusion group (I/R group), postconditioning of remifentanil group (R-post), postconditioning of remifentanil plus AQP1 inhibitor acetazolamide group (R-post +Ace), postconditioning of remifentanil plus opioid-receptor antagonist compounds (R-post +AC), postconditioning of remifentanil plus AQP1 enhancer arginine vasopressin (R-post +AV). All groups except the sham operation group were given 30 min ischemia in left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries.

Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of sedation with dexmedetomidine in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Methods: Patients with ASA physical status I-II undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly allocated to receive dexmedetomidine or midazolam for conscious sedation. Continuous peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) and numeric rating scale pain scores were recorded before, during and after the procedure.

[Effect of ketamine combined with penehyclidine hydrochloride on the expression of synaptophysin in the brain of neonatal rats].

Objective: To study the effects of ketamine combined with penehyclidine hydrochloride on the learning and memory abilities and the expression of synaptophysin in the hippocampus CA3 region in the brain of neonatal rats.

Methods: Eighty seven-day-old Sprague-Dawly rats were randomly intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg of ketamine (K group), 2 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride (P group), 50 mg/kg of ketamine plus 2 mg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride (PK group) or normal saline (control group). The rats were trained and tested in a Morris water maze 14 days after administration.

[Sugar transport, metabolism, accumulation and their regulation in fruits].

Photosynthates transported into fruits are mainly in the form of sucrose in most fruit tree species; but sorbitol takes the place of sucrose in woody Rosaceae plants. The transport of sugars across the plasma membrane from apoplastic space into cells is mediated by sugar transporters. The fact that gene expression of sugar transporters is upregulated just before and during sugar accumulation suggests the participation of sugar transporters in sugar accumulation of fruit.

[Gene and gene engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis].

Carotenoids have a range of diverse biological functions and actions, especially playing an important role in human health with provitamin A activity, anti-cancer activity, enhancing immune ability and so on. Human body can't synthesis carotenoids by itself and must absorb them from outside. However, carotenoid contents in many plant are very low, and many kinds of carotenoid are difficult to produce by chemical ways.