Effectiveness and Safety of the TRIO Optimal Health Management Program in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Initiating Basal Insulin Therapy: Prospective Observational Real-World Study.

Background: Diabetes, a chronic disease necessitating long-term treatment and self-management, presents significant challenges for patients who spend most of their treatment time outside of hospitals. The potential of digital therapeutics for diabetes has garnered recognition from different organizations. Although some prior studies have demonstrated successful reductions in patients' blood glucose levels and body weight through digital diabetes programs, many studies were limited by including patients with prediabetes, including patients treated with mostly premixed insulin, or evaluating user engagement outcomes rather than clinical outcomes.

Iron Overload Induces Hepatic Ferroptosis and Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting the Jak2/stat3/slc7a11 Signaling Pathway.

Recent studies showed that patients with iron overload had increased risk of insulin resistance or diabetes. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death mainly caused by iron-dependent oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated potential mechanisms of iron overload induced hepatic ferroptosis and insulin resistance through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Mechanistic and data-driven perspectives on plant uptake of organic pollutants.

Establishing reliable predictive models for plant uptake of organic pollutants is crucial for environmental risk assessment and guiding phytoremediation efforts. This study compiled an expanded dataset of plant cuticle-water partition coefficients (K), a useful indicator for plant uptake, for 371 data points of 148 unique compounds and various plant species. Quantum/computational chemistry software and tools were utilized to compute various molecular descriptors, aiming to comprehensively characterize the properties and structures of each compound.

Liraglutide improved the reproductive function of obese mice by upregulating the testicular AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway.

Background: The incidence of male reproductive dysfunction is increasing annually, and many studies have shown that obesity can cause severe harm to male reproductive function. The mechanism of male reproductive dysfunction caused by obesity is unclear, and there is no ideal treatment. Identification of effective therapeutic drugs and elucidation of the molecular mechanism involved in male reproductive health are meaningful.

Fathers' needs of breastfeeding support: Perspective of health nurses.

Purpose: To explore the improvement of health education on father's participation in breastfeeding from the perspective of maternal and child health nurses.

Methods: Qualitative phenomenological research was used, and 15 maternal and child health nurses who provided breastfeeding support were invited. With semi-structured deep interviews and on-site recordings, data were analyzed through content analysis.

Applications of Clinical Decision Support Systems in Diabetes Care: Scoping Review.

Background: Providing comprehensive and individualized diabetes care remains a significant challenge in the face of the increasing complexity of diabetes management and a lack of specialized endocrinologists to support diabetes care. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are progressively being used to improve diabetes care, while many health care providers lack awareness and knowledge about CDSSs in diabetes care. A comprehensive analysis of the applications of CDSSs in diabetes care is still lacking.

Improving predictions and understanding of primary and ultimate biodegradation rates with machine learning models.

This study aimed to develop machine learning based quantitative structure biodegradability relationship (QSBR) models for predicting primary and ultimate biodegradation rates of organic chemicals, which are essential parameters for environmental risk assessment. For this purpose, experimental primary and ultimate biodegradation rates of high consistency were compiled for 173 organic compounds. A significant number of descriptors were calculated with a collection of quantum/computational chemistry software and tools to achieve comprehensive representation and interpretability.

Light-Propelled Super-Hydrophobic Sponge Motor and its Application in Oil-Water Separation.

Self-propelled separation materials, that is, motor, are one of the keys to realizing smart oil-water separation. Although three-dimensional sponges such as commercial melamine sponge (MS) exhibit excellent oil-water separation ability, they cannot move by themselves on water. Aiming at solving this problem, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS) modified MS motor (PDMS@MS/MoS) with an asymmetric multilayer structure was prepared, in which the photothermal layer MoS provided the propelling force for the motor under infrared light irradiation, and the middle layer PDMS was used as the superhydrophobic modified agent and adhesive agent between commercial MS and MoS powder.

GLP-1RA Liraglutide and Semaglutide Improves Obesity-Induced Muscle Atrophy via SIRT1 Pathway.

Background: Obesity is related to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The co-existence of obesity and sarcopenia is called sarcopenic obesity (SO). Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are widely used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

Association between polymorphisms of cytokine genes and endometriosis: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: There is abundant evidence to suggest that cytokines play a part in the mechanisms responsible for the formation of endometrium heterotopy. Cytokine synthesis is not only determined by the body's immunological reactivity but also by polymorphisms in the immune regulatory genes. The study of these polymorphisms in the immune regulatory genes offers up new possibilities in terms of prognosticating the risk of endometriosis and susceptibility to its treatment.

Theoretical modeling of molecular fractionation of dissolved organic matter on ferrihydrite and its impact on proton and metal binding properties.

Molecular fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the mineral-liquid interfaces in soil changes its molecular composition, thus altering its reactivity, such as proton and metal binding properties. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of compositional change of DOM molecules after adsorptive fractionation by minerals is of great environmental significance for predicting the cycling of organic carbon (C) and metals in the ecosystem. In this study, we conducted adsorption experiments to investigate the adsorption behaviors of DOM molecules on ferrihydrite.

Iron overload induces islet β cell ferroptosis by activating ASK1/P-P38/CHOP signaling pathway.

Background: Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of free iron and lipid peroxides will trigger a new form of cell death-ferroptosis. This form of cell death is associated with a variety of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that iron overload may play a role in driving glucose metabolism abnormalities by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress that mediates ferroptosis in islet β cells.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiro[Azetidine-3,3'-Indoline]-2,2'-Diones via Copper(I)-Catalyzed Kinugasa/C-C Coupling Cascade Reaction.

Spiro[azetidine-indolines] are important scaffolds in diverse bioactive compounds. Current efforts to synthesize spiro[azetidine-indolines] are limited to chiral spiro[azetidine-2,3'-indolines]. Asymmetric synthesis of structurally similar chiral spiro[azetidine-3,3'-indolines] remains unexplored.

Association Between Iron Metabolism and Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients With Diabetes.

Objective: Iron overload plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this present study was to explore the relationship between iron metabolism and AKI in patients with diabetes.

Methods: The clinical data of diabetes patients from MIMIC-III database in intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively analyzed.

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Survival in Diabetic Patients With Acute Kidney Injury.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the risk factors affecting all-cause mortality in diabetic patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the 90-day survival rate of patients.

Methods: Clinical data of diabetic patients with AKI who were diagnosed at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from April 30, 2011, to April 30, 2021, were collected. A total of 1,042 patients were randomly divided into a development cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3.

The automatic parameter-exploration with a machine-learning-like approach: Powering the evolutionary modeling on the origin of life.

The origin of life involved complicated evolutionary processes. Computer modeling is a promising way to reveal relevant mechanisms. However, due to the limitation of our knowledge on prebiotic chemistry, it is usually difficult to justify parameter-setting for the modeling.

The safety and efficacy evaluation of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An updated meta-analysis.

Background: In recent years, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been increasingly used in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This updated meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SGLT2is for patients with NAFLD.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wan Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP databases were searched for relevant studies from inception to April 30, 2021.

Decrease in leptin mediates rat bone metabolism impairments during high-fat diet-induced catch-up growth by modulating the OPG/RANKL balance.

Due to catch-up growth (CUG), there are adverse effects on human health. However, there is little information about its influence on bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of leptin on bone metabolism and formation during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced CUG.

Reductive release of Fe mineral-associated organic matter accelerated by oxalic acid.

The properties and composition of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) are highly affected by the adsorption and desorption of organic matter (OM) on soil minerals and heterotrophic microbial respiration. Organic acids (e.g.

Liraglutide Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells by ERK5 Pathway.

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the effects of liraglutide on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the promoting effects of liraglutide were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Chemodiversity of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a key role in many biogeochemical processes, but the drivers controlling the diversity of chemical composition and properties of DOM molecules (chemodiversity) in soils are poorly understood. It has also been debated whether environmental conditions or intrinsic molecular properties control the accumulation and persistence of DOM due to the complexity of both molecular composition of DOM and interactions between DOM and surrounding environments. In this study, soil DOM samples were extracted from 33 soils collected from different regions of China, and we investigated the effects of climate and soil properties on the chemodiversity of DOM across different regions of China, employing a combination of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and statistical analyses.

Guava Leaf Extract Attenuates Insulin Resistance via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in a Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Model.

Background And Objective: Insulin resistance is well known to exhibit essential effects on the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). Guava leaf was also reported to exhibit anti-diabetic effects including decreasing blood glucose. Therefore, this present study aims to explore the role guava leaf extract (GLE) plays in insulin resistance and its mechanism of action via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Impact of Age on the Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common subtype of thyroid carcinoma with a rising incidence rate. The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of age and PTC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

Methods: The study derived patients' information from the SEER Program (2010-2015).

Modeling coupled kinetics of arsenic adsorption/desorption and oxidation in ferrihydrite-Mn(II)/manganese (oxyhydr)oxides systems.

The speciation and mobility of As are controlled by both Fe and Mn (oxyhydr)oxides through a series of surface complexation and redox reactions occurring in the environment, which is also complicated by the solution chemistry conditions. However, there is still a lack of quantitative tools for predicting the coupled kinetic processes of As reactions with Fe and Mn (oxyhydr)oxides. In this study, we developed a quantitative model for the coupled kinetics of As adsorption/desorption and oxidation in ferrihydrite-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides and ferrihydrite-Mn(II)-O systems.

Predicting Cr(vi) adsorption on soils: the role of the competition of soil organic matter.

Cr(vi) has posed a serious risk for the environment and human beings because of its pollution and toxicity. It is essential to understand the equilibrium behavior of Cr(vi) in soils. In this study, the adsorption of Cr(vi) on fourteen soils was studied with batch experiments and quantitative modeling.