ScDREBA5 Enhances Cold Tolerance by Regulating Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Genes in the Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis.

Extreme cold events, becoming more frequent, affect plant growth and development. Much is known about C-repeat binding transcription factor (CBF)-dependent cold-signaling pathways in plants. However, the CBF-independent regulatory pathway in angiosperms is unclear, and the cold-signaling pathways in non-angiosperms lacking CBFs, such as the extremely cold-tolerant desert moss Syntrichia caninervis, are largely unknown.

A simple, highly efficient -mediated moss transformation system with broad applications.

Unlabelled: Mosses, particularly desiccation-tolerant (DT) species, are important model organisms for studying genes involved in plant development and stress resistance. The lack of a simple and efficient stable moss transformation system has hindered progress in deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying traits of interest in these organisms. Here, we present an -mediated transformation system for DT mosses that uses strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA1301-GUS.

Self-healing, flame retardant and UV resistant lignin-derived epoxy wood coating with a Schiff base structure.

The traditional epoxy resin not only is flammable and non-recyclable and but also heavily dependents on petroleum resources, which cannot meet the requirements of fire prevention and sustainable development. In this study, a vanillin intermediate (VAP) with dynamic imine bond (C=N) was prepared by schiff base reaction between the lignin derivative vanillin (-CHO) and the cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane OA-POSS(-NH). Then, a biomass-based P-N-Si flame retardant (VAPD) was synthesized by adding 9,10-Dihydro-9-Oxa-10-Phosphaphenanthrene-10-Oxide (DOPO) into the VAP.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy for HPV/HIV-related cervical cancer.

Background: To systematically assess the cost-effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to the current standard therapy for human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related cervical cancer.

Methods: A partitioned survival model spanning a 20-year period was created to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab and chemotherapy (ABC), and pembrolizumab combined with bevacizumab and chemotherapy (PBC) vs bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy (BC), based on clinical data from the BEATcc and KEYNOTE-826 trials. Royston-Parmar models were used for survival estimation.

Establishment of -Mediated Transient Transformation System in Desert Legume (Litv.) Vass.

(Litv.) Vass. is a desert legume exhibiting extreme drought tolerance and the ability to withstand various harsh environments, making it a good candidate for investigating stress tolerance mechanisms and exploring valuable stress-resistant genes.

Pd-Catalyzed Dual C-H Activation/Cyclization: Convergent and Divergent Synthesis of 1-Azahelicenes.

Herein, we report a convergent synthesis of 1-azahelicenes using easily available quinoline derivatives and cyclic diaryliodonium salts as starting materials. This reaction undergoes a palladium-catalyzed dual C-H activation/cyclization process to give facile access to a wide range of 1-aza[5]helicenes and 1-aza[6]helicenes with abundant functional groups (including F, Cl, Br, I, CF, SeR, SR, and heteroaryl) in moderate to excellent yields, thereby providing new opportunities to fine-tune the properties of the helicene backbone. In addition, the obtained products could be further transformed into helicene-based Lewis base catalysts and redox switch materials easily.

Variation in worldwide incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a population-based study in urban China and existing global evidence.

Background And Objectives: Geographical variation existed in the incidences of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), but no national population-based study has evaluated the incidences of GBS in China. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of GBS in urban China and evaluate the worldwide variation in the incidence of GBS.

Methods: Firstly, we did a population-based study to calculate the incidence of GBS in urban China based on the National Urban Medical Insurance database from 2013 to 2017.

Flexible Neural Interface From Non-Transient Silk Fibroin With Outstanding Conformality, Biocompatibility, and Bioelectric Conductivity.

Silk fibroin (SF) with good biocompatibility can enable an efficient and safe implementation of neural interfaces. However, it has been difficult to achieve a robust integration of patterned conducting materials (multichannel electrodes) on flexible SF film substrates due to the absence of some enduring interactions. In this study, a thermo-assisted pattern-transfer technique is demonstrated that can facilely transfer a layer of pre-set poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) onto the flexible SF substrate through an interpenetrating network of 2 polymer chains, achieving a desired substrate/conductor intertwined interface with good flexibility (≈33 MPa), conductivity (386 S cm) and stability in liquid state over 4 months simultaneously.

Emerging and Biological Concepts in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas.

Primary central nervous system tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children, accounting for over 40% of all childhood brain tumor deaths, specifically high-grade gliomas. Compared with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) have an abysmal survival rate. The WHO CNS classification identifies four subtypes of pHGGs, including Grade 4 Diffuse midline glioma H3K27-altered, Grade 4 Diffuse hemispheric gliomas H3-G34-mutant, Grade 4 pediatric-type high-grade glioma H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype, and infant-type hemispheric gliomas.

Shuffling-type gradient method with bandwidth-based step sizes for finite-sum optimization.

Shuffling-type gradient method is a popular machine learning algorithm that solves finite-sum optimization problems by randomly shuffling samples during iterations. In this paper, we explore the convergence properties of shuffling-type gradient method under mild assumptions. Specifically, we employ the bandwidth-based step size strategy that covers both monotonic and non-monotonic step sizes, thereby providing a unified convergence guarantee in terms of step size.

Soil-dwelling grub larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis biodegrade polystyrene: Responses of gut microbiome and host metabolism.

Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to terrestrial ecosystems, yet the potential for soil fauna to contribute to plastic biodegradation remains largely unexplored. In this study, we reveal that soil-dwelling grubs, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae, can effectively biodegrade polystyrene (PS) plastics. Over a period of 4 weeks, these grubs achieved a remarkable 61.

Target NF-κB p65 for preventing posttraumatic joint contracture in rats.

RelA/p65 is as a crucial component of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway that has a significant impact on various fibrotic diseases. However, its role in the fibrosis of tissues surrounding the joint after traumatic injury remains unclear. In this study, rats were divided into three groups: non-operated control (NC) group, p65-siRNA treated (siRNA-p65) group, and negative siRNA treated (siRNA-neg) group.

Autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism by regulating programmed cell death during desiccation in Syntrichia caninervis.

Desiccation is a state of extreme water loss that is lethal to many plant species. Some desert plants have evolved unique strategies to cope with desiccation stress in their natural environment. Here we present the remarkable stress management mechanism of Syntrichia caninervis, a desert moss species which exhibits an 'A' category of desiccation tolerance.

Shaping the immune-suppressive microenvironment on tumor-associated myeloid cells through tumor-derived exosomes.

Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) play a crucial role in orchestrating the dynamics of the tumor immune microenvironment. This heterogeneous population encompasses myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells, all of which contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive milieu that fosters tumor progression. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), small extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells, have emerged as central mediators in intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment.

Dynamics of N6-methyladenosine modification during Alzheimer's disease development.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a common RNA modification in the central nervous system and has been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamic of mRNA m6A modification and m6A enzymes during the development of AD are not well understood. Therefore, this study examined the expression profiles of m6A and its enzymes in the development of AD.

Attempted replication of pharmacogenetic association of variants in PPP1R14C and CCDC148 with aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms.

Third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AI) are the standard treatment for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. While effective, AI can lead to severe adverse events, including AI-induced musculoskeletal syndrome (AIMSS). Genetic predictors of AIMSS have the potential to personalize AI treatment and improve outcomes.

Transcriptome Profiles Reveals from Regulated Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis and Starch/Sucrose Metabolism to Enhance Plant Stress Tolerance.

Desiccation is a kind of extreme form of drought stress and desiccation tolerance (DT) is an ancient trait of plants that allows them to survive tissue water potentials reaching -100 MPa or lower. is a DREB A-5 transcription factor gene from a DT moss named , which has strong comprehensive tolerance to osmotic and salt stresses. This study delves further into the molecular mechanism of ScDREB10 stress tolerance based on the transcriptome data of the overexpression of in under control, osmotic and salt treatments.

Drying without dying: A genome database for desiccation-tolerant plants and evolution of desiccation tolerance.

Desiccation is typically fatal, but a small number of land plants have evolved vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT), allowing them to dry without dying through a process called anhydrobiosis. Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled the investigation of genomes for desiccation-tolerant plants over the past decade. However, a dedicated and integrated database for these valuable genomic resources has been lacking.

P53 together with ferroptosis: a promising strategy leaving cancer cells without escape.

TP53, functioning as the keeper of the genome, assumes a pivotal function in the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have revealed that p53 regulates ferroptosis pathways within tumor cells and is closely related to tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarize the pathways and mechanisms by which p53 regulates ferroptosis and identify a series of upstream and downstream molecules involved in this process.

ROS scavenging enzyme-encoding genes play important roles in the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis response to extreme cold and desiccation stresses.

Abiotic stress is one of the major environmental constraints limiting plant growth. Syntrichia caninervis is one of the unique plant models that can cope with harsh environments. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a vital signaling molecule for protecting plants from oxidative stress, but research on ROS in S.