Effects of acute ammonia exposure on antioxidant and detoxification metabolism in clam Cyclina sinensis.

To investigate the defensive strategies of clam Cyclina sinensis in response to environmental ammonia exposure, we investigate the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC-96 h) and the 96 h safe concentration (SC) of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) for C. sinensis, and on the basis we examined glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamine content, urea content and the antioxidant enzyme activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in 96 h at three different levels of TAN as 0 (control), 73.94 (T1) and 227.